CHAP, CV. CORYLA'CEE. FA‘GUS. 1981 
is somewhat red, or of a rusty hue, when mature; whence the name. A trunk 
of this species, 1 ft. 3in. or I ft. 6 in. in diameter, commonly consists of 3 in. 
or 4 in. of sap, and 1 ft. 1 in, or 1 ft. 2 in, of heart wood ; the inverse of which 
proportion is commonly found in the wood of the white beech. The distribu- 
tion of this tree in the United States is almost 1917 
exclusively confined to the north-eastern pro- 
vinces, and Canada, Nova Scotia, and New 
Brunswick. In the district of Maine, and in the 
states of New Hampshire and Vermont, it is so 
abundant, as often to constitute extensive forests, 
the finest of which grow on fertile, level, or gently 
sloping lands, which are proper for the cultivation 
of corn. The wood of this species is considered 
stronger, tougher, and more compact than that 
of the American white beech; and, in the district 
of Maine and in British America, where the oak 
is rare, it is employed with the sugar maple and 
yellow birch, or Bétula excélsa, for the lower 
art of the frame of vessels. As it is extremely WES 
iable to injury from worms, and speedily decays when exposed to alternate 
dryness and moisture, it is seldom used in the construction of houses; but, 
where nothing better can be procured, it is selected for making hoops. Shoe- 
lasts are made of it, and 4 a minor articles; because, when perfectly sea- 
soned, it is not liable to warp. On the whole, the wood is inferior in compact- 
ness and solidity to the European beech, though planks of it, about 3ir. 
thick, are sometimes exported to Britain. The tree was introduced into 
England by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy; and its foliage makes a very fine 
appearance, both in the Hammersmith Nursery and at Messrs. Loddiges’s. 
hough the leaves do not differ materially from those of the common beech 
during summer, yet, in autumn, they become decidedly darker, and die off of 
a rusty green, approaching, in F. f. caroliniana, to black. In America, this 
species is subject to the attacks of Phalz‘na tessellaris (Abb. and Smith Ins., ii. 
t. 75.; and our fig. 1918.), the cream-barred, or beech, tussock moth, which 
devours the leaves. The caterpillar of this insect is brown, and the imago 
pale buff: it is most common in Georgia. On the whole, beth the species and 
its varieties well deserve culture as ornamental trees of the middle size. They 
are propagated by layers and grafting ; and plants, in the London nurseries, 
are 5s. each ; at New York, 25 cents. 
