CHAP. CV. CORYLA'CE. CASTA‘NEA. 2003 
springs up spontaneously wherever the ground is not covered with water. 
It was one of the earliest-imported American plants, having been intro- 
duced by the Duchess of Beaufort in 1699. In British nurseries, this 
species is propagated by inarching on the common chestnut, or by layers. 
There are handsome small bushes of it in the Horticultural Society’s 
Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges’s; and it is occasionally met with in col- 
lections. Seeds are also sometimes imported. 
App. i. Species of Castdnea not yet introduced into European 
Gardens. 
Several species of chestnuts have been discovered in Nepal and Java; some of which were, at first, 
supposed to belong to the genus Quércus, but which have been separated from that genus, and referred 
to Castanea, by Dr. Lindley; and others, which have been described and figured by Blume, in his 
splendid work on the plants of Java. Dr, Lindley has given a synoptical list of the Indian Castanexe 
in Dr. Wallich’s Pd. As. Rarv., in which he enu- 
merates eight different species, all of which we 
shall shortly notice below. 
C. indica Rox. Hort. Beng., p. 68., Lindl. in 
Wall Pl. As. Rar., Royle Illust., p. 341., is a 
native of the mountains of Nepal and Silhet. 
C. Roxbirghii Lind., |. c.; Quércus castanicarpa 
Rox. Hort. Beng., p. 68., Spreng. Syst. Veg., 3. 
p. 856.;_ is a native of Chittagong. 
C. spherocdrpa Lindl., |. c.; Quércus armata 
Rox. MSS.; is a native of the mountains near 
Silhet. ee 
C. triuddides Lindl., 1. ¢., Royie Illust., p. 341; ¢ 
Quércus fribuldides Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 13., 
D. Don. in Prod. Nep., p. 56., Wall. in Litt.; Q. 
Cattingea Ham. MSS. ; d ferox Rox. Hort. Beng., 
p. 68. This species, according to Sir J. E. Smith, 
was discovered by Dr. Buchanan (Hamilton) ia 
the forests of Upper Nepal, flowering and fruiting 
at various seasons, Dr. Buchanan supposed it to 
be an oak ; and he describes it as being a tree with 
smooth branches, and leaves on short footstalks, 
lanceolate, more or less ovate, entire, taper-pointed, 
somewhat unequal at the base, about 4in. long, 
1} in. broad ; rigid, and rather coriaceous, with ir- 
regular, distant, slightly curved veins; the upper 
surface polished, and the under one gent and ay oe The flowers are generally monecious (though 
Dr. Buchanan observed one tree with only female flowers), in slender, downy, clustered, axillary, or 
terminal spikes ; the male spikes being most numerous. Stamens about 8, with a dotted central disk. 
The calyx of the fruit is armed with very numerous, rigid, prominent, sharp thorns, a fourth of an inch 
or more in length, spreading in every direction, This 
species is called Cattuen, or Cattumje, in the Parhatty 
language ; Shingali, or Catu-Shingali, by the Nemours, 
(See Rees’s Cycl., art. Quercus.) Sir J. E. Smith adds 
that Dr. Buchanan found the flowers “ agree with 
Quércus; to which genus he referred this remarkable 
plant ;” though the “‘ strongly muricated calyx,’’ which, 
in some of his specimens, seemed to “ split into 2 or 3 
valves,’’ approached “‘the nature of the chestnut.” 
It is now generally allowed to belong to the genus 
Castanea. 
C. martabdnica Wall Pi. As. Rar., t. 107., and our 
Jig. 1929., has the leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 
quite entire, smooth, on short footstalks, acute at the 
base, silvery beneath. Catkins downy, densely clothed 
with palmate branchy spines, divaricate. (Wall.) A 
native of Martaban, near Amherst. Dr, Wallich “ only 
observed this fine large species of chestnut in the im- 
mediate neighbourhood of Amherst. It was covered 
with a profusion of fruit in the=month of February. 
The seeds had an astringent taste. Professor Lindley 
thinks that there is no difference between C. argéntea of 
Dr.Blume’s superb Flora Jave and my (Dr. Wallich’s) 
tree, except that the former is depicted with weak 
spines ; a circumstance, no doubt, due tothe fruit, which 
was described as having been unripe. I venture to 
dissent from my highly respected friend. Dr. Blume’s 
tree appears to me to differ in the following points :— 
Its leaves are more acuminate at the apex, and sharper 
at the base; and their petioles longer. ‘The fruit is 
smaller, and its spines much shorter and less com- 
pound. Besides, the locality seems to indicate a diver- 
sity: the Java tree grows on mountains, whereas mine oy") 1) 
occupies low ground, on the sea shore of Martaban.” : 1930 
iy ae Pl. As. Be ee , 
'_Castinea argéntea me Fl. Jav., t. 24., and our fig 1931., has the leaves oblong- 
acuminated, narrowed towards the base, glabrous and silvery beneath. Gakine tity? A tal cee, 
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