CHAP. CV. CORYLA‘CE®. CA’RPINUS. 2005 
s. Carpinus Matth. Vailgr., 1. p.131., Cam. Epit.,71., Dod. Pempt., 841., Hall. Hist., 2. 
. 298. No. 1627. ; O’strya Bauh. Pin., 427., Rati Syn., 451.; O’rnus Trag. Hist., 1109.; Fagus 
Bauk. Hist., 1. p. 2. 146. £2; Bétulus Lob. Ie., 2. 190. € 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2052.; Fl. Dan., t. 1345. ; Lob. Ic., 2. p. 190., f.; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 58.; 
and the plates of this tree in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Bracteas of the fruit flat, oblong, serrated, with two lateral 
lobes. (Smith.) A deciduous tree, a native of Britain, and of various parts 
of Europe, in magnitude and general character resembling the common 
beech. 
Varieties. . 
¥ C. B. 2 incisa Lodd. Cat., 1836; C. v. quercifolia Desf.; C. v. hetero- 
phflla Hort.; has the leaves deeply cut. There are plants in the 
Horticultural Society’s Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. 
Loddiges ; one at Cheshunt, 6 years planted, and 17 ft. high; and 
one at Kinfauns Castle, 15 ft. high, with a trunk 23 in. in diameter. 
¥ C. B. 3 variegata Lodd. Cat., 1836, has the leaves variegated. 
Description, §c. The hornbeam, according to Sir J. E. Smith, is generally 
a “rigid tree of humble growth ;” but one which “when standing by itself, 
and allowed to take its natural form, will make a much handsomer tree than 
most people are aware of.” (Eng. Fi., iv. p. 156.) Miller says that, when 
growing under favourable circumstances, it will attain the height of 60 ft. 
or 70 ft., with a tolerably straight trunk, and bushy head, particularly on cold 
stiff clay; but it is very seldom allowed to become a timber tree. Being ex- 
1923 
tremely patient of the knife, and forming excellent hedges, it is generally cut 
in when young; so that the few old trunks yet remaining in the country, of any 
size, are pollards. The trunk is generally flattened or irregular in its shape, 
being very rarely, if ever, round ; and it seldom measures more than from 6 ft- 
60 4 
