CHAP. CV. CORYLA CEH. CA’RPINUS. 2013 
ference at 5ft. from the ground, having increased 18in. from 1812, when it measured 5 ft. in girt. 
—lIn Ireland, at Cypress Grove, it is 90 ft. high, diameter of trunk 2 ft. 8in. and of the head 100 ft. ; 
in King’s County, at Charleville Forest, 8 years planted, it is 18 ft. high 3 in Fermanagh, at 
Florence Court, 35 years planted, it is 40 ft. high; in Galway, at Cool, it is 56ft. high, diameter of 
trunk 1 ft. 3in., and of the head 20 ft.; in Sligo, at Mackree Castle, it is 62 ft. high, diameter of 
the trunk 3 ft., and of the head 48 ft.; in the county Tyrone, 60 years planted, it is 50 ft. high, 
fit of trunk 6 ft., and the diameter of head 40 ft.—In France, near Nantes, 100 years old, it is 90 ft. 
igh, with a trunk 8 ft. in circumference.—In Belgium, in the wood belonging to the villa of M. 
Meulemeester, near Ghent, is a serpentine walk about 300 ft. long, covered with hornbeam trained 
to a vaulted treillage. This leads to an artificial cave, which is paved with the metatarsal bones of 
sheep. We afterwards come to Pan’s Theatre, this is wholly formed of hornbeam trees and bushes, 
which the shears have curiously tortured into the appearance of a stage with side scenes, and of 
front and side boxes, and parterre, or pit. (Nez/l Hort. Tour., p. 56.)—In Hanover, in the Got- 
tingen Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is 20 ft. high.—In Bavaria, in the Botanic Garden 
at Munich, 24 years old, it is 18 ft. high.—In Austria, at Vienna, in the University Botanic Garden, 
40 years old, it is 48 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1ft. 3in., and of the head 30 ft. ; at Laxenburg, 
60 years planted, it is 38 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 1 in., and of the head 12 ft. ; at Kopenzel, 
40 years planted, it is 30 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk Gin., and of the head 18ft.; in the 
arden of Baron Loudon, 20 years old, it is 25ft. high, diameter of trunk 1ft. 2in., and of 
ead 16ft.; and at Briick on the Leytha, 60 years old, it is 48 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 2 ft., 
and of the head 39 ft.—In Prussia, near Berlin, at Sans Souci, 35 years old, it is 36 ft. high, diameter 
of trunk 1ft. 4in., and of the head 15 ft.—In Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, it is 48 ft. 
high, diameter of the trunk 2ft., and of the space covered by the branches 38 ft.—In Italy, in Lom- 
bardy, at Monza, 40 years old, it is 45ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft, 3in., and of the head 
30 ft. The var. incisa, 24 years planted, is 14 ft. high. 
* 2. C.(B.) america‘na Miche. The American Hornbeam. 
Identification. Michx. Amer., 2. p. 201.; Willd, Sp. Pl., 4. p. 468-; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., p. 623. 5 
Dend. Brit., t. 157. aL! Bee 4 : 
Synonyme. C. virginiana Michx. Arb., t.8. 
‘ngravings. Dend. Brit., t. 157.; Michx. N, Amer. Syl., 3. t. 108. ; and our fig. 1936. 
Spec. Char., §c. Bracteas of the fruit 3-partite; middle division oblique, 
ovate-lanceolate, 1-toothed on one side. (Willd.) A low tree, generally 
from 12 ft. to 15 ft. high, but sometimes from 25 ft. 6 in. to 30 ft.; a native 
of North America. Introduced in 1812. The American hornbeam is 
smaller than that of Europe; as, though under 
peculiarly favourable circumstances it sometimes 
attains the height of 25 ft. or 30 ft., these instances 
are of rare occurrence, and its ordinary stature is 
that of a large shrub. The trunk is rather thick 
in proportion to its height, and frequently obliquely 
and irregularly fluted. The branches are numerous, 
short, and thickly set, so as to give the whole tree 
a dwarfish and stunted appearance. The bark is 
smooth, and spotted with white. The leaves are 
oval, acuminated, and finely dentated. The female ; 
flowers are collected in long, loose, pendulous cat- 
kins, like those of the European hornbeam; and, 
like that species, the bracteas expand, with the pro- 
gress of the fruit, into a kind of leaf, furnished at 
the base with a small, hard, oval nut. The catkins 
often remain attached to the tree after the leaves 
have fallen. The tree prospers, in North America, 
in almost every soil and situation: it is found, ac- 
cording to Michaux, as far north as the provinces 
of Nova Scotia; and, according to Pursh, as far 
south as Florida. The wood is white, and exceed- 
ingly fine-grained and compact. According to Michaux, “ the dimensions 
of the tree are so small as to render it useless even for fuel; but youn 
trees are employed for hoops in the district of Maine, when better kinds 
cannot be procured.” (NV. Amer. Syl., iii. p. 29.) It was introduced by 
Pursh, in 1812; and there are plants of it in some of the London nurseries. 
It is propagated by layers, and sometimes by imported seeds. 
Statistics. In Sussex, at West Dean, 15 years planted, it is 21 ft. high. In Staffordshire, at Trent- 
ham, 25 years planted, it is 35 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1 ft. an of the head 97 ft. In Scot- 
land, at Dalhousie Castle, 15 years planted, it is 14ft. high. In France, near Paris, at Scéaux, 20 
years old, it is 36 ft. high. In ale Monza, 24 years planted, it is 24ft. high, diameter of the 
trunk 8in., and,of the head 20ft. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. cach 
