CHAP. CV. CORYLA‘CE. CO’RYLUS. 2029 
% 2. C. Cotu’Rna L. The Constantinople Hazel. 
say Sag i Hort. Cliff., 448.; Roy. Lugdb., 81.; Mill. Dict., No. 2. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 472. ; 
N. Du Ham., 4 p. 20.; Lodd. Cat., 1836. $. 
Synonymes. C. byzantina Herm. Lugdb., 91., Seb. Mus., 1. t.27.; Avellana peregrina hadmilis 
Bauh. Pin., 418.; A. pimila beaten Clus, Hist., \. p. 11.; C. arborea Hort.; le Noisetier de 
Bizance, Fr.; Byzantinische Haselnuss, Ger. 7 
Engravings. Seb. Mus., 1. t. 27. f. 2.; Dend. Brit., t. 99.; our fig. 1948. ; and the plates of this tree 
in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Leaves roundish ovate, 
cordate. Involucre of the fruit double; the exterior many-partite, the in- 
terior 3-partite; divisions palmate. (Willd.) A tree, 50 ft. or 60 ft. high ; 
a native of Turkey and Asia Minor. Introduced in 1665. 
Varieties. ‘ 
* C. C. 2 intermédia; C. intermedia Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; is probably a 
hybrid between C, Colarna and C. Avellana. 
* C. C. 3 arboréscens Fisch., and our fig. 1949., differs from the species, chiefly in the calyx 
of the nut being cut into shreds, 
Description, §c. The Constantinople nut forms 
a handsome somewhat pyramidal tree, 50ft. or 
60 ft. high; with a whitish bark, which peels off in 
strips. The branches spread out horizontally ; the 
leaves are more angular, and softer, than those of the 
common hazel; and the stipules are linear. The nuts 
are small, round, and almost covered with the calyx, 
which is double, and deeply laciniated, or fringed, witli ; 
the points recurved. The tree grows rapidly, and with 
great vigour, in the climate of London. It was at first 
supposed to be a dwarf shrub, and is described as such 
in the old books relating to trees; but it was soon dis- 
covered to be a lofty tree. It is a native of Asia FW) 
Minor and Turkey; but it bears the climate of both Q\Vy \ iN 
Paris and London without the slightest injury. ss \ ay We Yy 
Desfontaines tells us that Clusius first cultivated the 948 . Nv: Ba 
Cérylus Colarna; and that it was sent to him from t ey 
Constantinople in 1582 (Hist. des Arbres, ii. p. 540.) ; and Prof. Martyn tells 
us it was reintroduced four years afterwards by “ David Ungnad Baron in 
Zorneck.” It appears to have been 
first cultivated in England by Rea, a 
florist, who, in his Flora, published in 
1665, says that he had then “ many 
goodly plants of the filbeard of Con- 
stantinople.” ( p.224.) It is also 
mentioned by Ray, the celebrated bo- 
tanical author, in his Historia Planta- 
rum, published in 1686, among “ the 
rare trees and shrubs” which he saw ( 
a short time previously in the Palace 
Gardens at Fulham. (See p. 41.) 
Notwithstanding its beauty, and the 
ease with which it is cultivated, the 
Constantinople nut has never been 
much in demand in English gardens. 
It will grow in almost any soil, but does best in one similar to that adapted 
for the common hazel. It is easily propagated by seed, grafts, or layers. — 
Grafting on the common hazel is, however, the most general way, as the 
nut often proves abortive, both in French and English gardens. The largest 
tree in the neighbourhood of London is that at Syon, of which a portrait is 
given in our last Volume. There are also large trees at Ham House, Purser’s 
Cross, and in the grounds of Farnham Castle, which bear fruit most years. 
Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 1s. Gd. each; at Bollwyller, 50 
cents; and at New York, 50 cents. 
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