60 FISH HARVESTING. 
I have often seen them where the water was so 
shallow as to leave their backs uncovered. 
The Salmo canis of Suckley (Dog-Salmon, 
Spotted Salmon, ‘ Natural History of Washing- 
ton Territory,’ p. 841), which he says arrives at 
Puget’s Sound in September and October, I be- 
lieve to be only the old males of the Salmo lycao- 
don (Hook-nosed Salmon), that have had a turn 
in the rivers perhaps a year or two before, and 
have got safely back again to the sea, recruited 
their wasted energies, and returned again for 
another perilous cruise up the streams. The 
large fanglike teeth, from which they derive the 
name of dog-salmon, are the large teeth grown 
and developed, as I have previously described 
them, whilst spawning in the fresh water. 
Salmon is of the most vital importance to the 
Indians; deprived or by any means cut off from 
obtaiming it, starve to death they must; and 
were we at war with the Redskins, we need only 
cut them off from their salmon-fisheries to have 
them completely at our mercy. If salmon-fish- 
eries—well managed, and conducted by persons 
who thoroughly understood salting, barreling, 
and curing salmon—were established on some of 
the tributaries to the Fraser and Columbia rivers, 
Iam quite convinced they would pay handsomely. 
