GYMNOSPERMS 19 



Cones ellipsoidal, their scales 2-seeded. Grows on rocky ledges, but 

 reaches its greatest size in cool cedar swamps. Wood soft, yellowish, 

 fragrant, durable, prized for shingles and fence posts. 



VIII. JUNIPERUS, L. 



Flowers very small, lateral, dioecious, or sometimes monoe- 

 cious. Scales of the staminate flower shield-shaped, with 3-6 

 anther-cells. Fertile flowers with 3-6 fleshy scales which 

 unite into a berry-like, 1-3-seeded fruit. Leaves awl-shaped 

 or scale-shaped. 



1. J. communis, L. Juniper. A low, spreading shrub (one 

 variety prostrate in circular masses). Leaves linear-awl-shaped, with 

 needle-like points, each marked with a distinct stripe of bloom along 

 the center of the upper surface, borne in whorls of three. Fruit a 

 dark blue aromatic berry, ^ in. or more in diameter. Grows in dry 

 pastures and on sterile hillsides X. 



2. J. virginiana, L. Red Cedar, Savin. Ranges in size and 

 shape from a low, rather erect, shrub to a conical tree 90 ft. high. 

 Leaves of two kinds, those on the rapidly growing shoots awl-shaped 

 and pointed, those on the shortest twigs scale-shaped, obtuse, or 

 nearly so, and closely appressed to the stem. Fruit small, bluish, 

 with a white bloom. Found all the way from British America to 

 Florida. Wood soft, fragrant, reddish, exceedingly durable in the 

 ground, valued for the manufacture of moth-proof chests and espe 

 cially for lead-pencils. 



