MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 39 



XIX. MAIANTHEMUM, Wigg. 



Stem low. Leaves 2-3, lanceolate or ovate, with a heart- 

 shaped base. Flowers small, white, solitary, or In a simple 

 raceme. Perianth 4-parted. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled. 

 Stigma 2-lobed. 



1. M. canadense, Desf. Two-leaved Solomon's Seal, Wild 

 LiLY-OF-THE-VALLEY. Plant 3-6 in. high. Leaves very short- 

 petioled. Fruit a globular or ovoid berry, v.hitish, with brownish- 

 red blotches. Woods and shaded banks N. 



XX. STREPTOPUS, Mifhx. 



Herbs with forking stems from a creeping rootstock. Leaves 

 clasping. Flowers small, borne singly or in pairs on peduncles 

 which arise above the leaf-axils and which are sharply bent 

 or twisted near the middle. Anthers arrow-shaped. Ovary 

 3-celled, ripening into a red, many-seeded berry. 



1. S. amplexifolius, D. C. Liver-berry. Stem smooth, 2 ft. or 

 more high. Leaves smooth-margined. Flowers greenish-white. 

 Damp woods. 



2. S. roseus, Michx. Liver-berry, Jacob's Ladder. Branches 

 with a few bristly hairs. Lower leaves margined with fine bristles. 

 Flowers reddish or pm-plish. Cold, damp woods ^N". 



XXI. POLYGONATUM, Toum. 



Rootstock creeping, jointed, scarred. Stems simple, erect, 

 scaly below, leafy above. Leaves alternate, oval, or oblong. 

 Flowers on axillary, 1-4-flowered, drooping, jointed peduncles. 

 Perianth tubular, 6-cleft. Stamens 6, included, inserted about 

 the middle of the tube. Anthers arrow-shaped. Ovary 

 3-celled, many-ovuled, style slender, stigmas knobbed or 

 3-lobed. Fruit a few-seeded berry.* 



1. P. biflorum, Ell. Hairy Solomon's Seal. Stem simple, erect, 

 arched, nearly naked below, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 2-ranked, sessile 

 or clasping, 3-7-nerved, smooth above, pale and downy beneath. 

 Pedmicles short, 1-4, often 2-flowered. Perianth greenish, 1-2 in. 

 long. Filaments thread-shaped, roughened. Berry dark blue. 

 Shady banks.* 



