CLASS I. — GYMNOSPERMS. 



Plants destitute of a closed ovary, style, or stigma. Ovules 

 generally borne naked on a carpellary scale, which forms part 

 of a cone. Cotyledons often several (Fig. 1). 



1. CONIFERS. Pine Family. 



Trees or shrubs with wood of peculiar structure (Part I, 

 Ch. VI), destitute of ducts, with resinous and aromatic juice. 

 Leaves generally evergreen, and needle-shaped or awl-shaped. 

 Flowers destitute of floral envelopes, monoecious or dioecious, 

 the staminate ones consisting of catkin-like spikes of stamens 

 and the pistillate ones consisting of ovule-bearing scales, 

 arranged in spikes, which ripen into cones. 



Each scale of the cone home in the axil of a bract. Seeds 2, with 

 wings. 



Leaves evergreen, in bundles of 2-5. Piiius, I. 



Leaves evergreen, solitary, sessile, keeled on both surfaces. 



Picea, II. 



Leaves evergreen, solitary, petioled, flat. Tsuga, III. 



Leaves solitary, evergreen, flat above, keeled below. Abies, TV. 



Leaves clustered, deciduous, flat. Larix, V. 



B. 



Scales of the cone without bracts, cone becoming globular and woody. 

 Leaves linear. 



Leaves alternate, deciduous. Taxodiuin, YI. 



13 



