86 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



stamens hypogynous. Calyx and corolla colored alike, the 

 parts of the perianth forming 3 or more circles of 3 parts 

 each. Stamens many. Carpels many, usually cohering over 

 the long receptacle and forming a sort of cone-shaped fruit, 

 which may be either fleshy or dry. 



I. MAGNOLIA. 



Aromatic trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, often in clus- 

 ters at the ends of the branches, entire, usually thick and 

 leathery ; stipules large, quickly deciduous ; flowers termi- 

 nal, showy, perfect ; sepals 3, caducous ; petals 6-12, in 2-4 

 rows, concave ; stamens numerous ; ovaries numerous, 1-celled, 

 2-seeded, the mature follicles opening at the beak, and the 

 fleshy seeds remaining for some time suspended by slender 

 threads.* 



1. M. grandiflora, L. Large-flowered Magnolia. A large 

 tree with spreading branches and a rounded top ; bark nearly 

 smooth. Leaves very thick, evergreen, smooth and shining above, 

 rusty-downy beneath, entire, oval or oblong, 6-9 in. long. Flowers 

 white, very fragrant, 6-9 in. in diameter. Petals 9 or more, obovate, 

 concave. Fruit a rusty-downy cone 3-4 in. long, seeds bright scarlet. 

 Common on light soils in Arkansas and the Gulf States.* 



2. M. Fraseri, Walt. Long-leaved Umbrella Tree. A small 

 tree with a slender trunk and widely spreading branches. Leaves 

 clustered at the ends of the branches, deciduous, oblong or obovate, 

 contracted, cordate and eared at the base, smooth on both sides, 

 8-12 in. long ; petioles slender. Flowers white and fragrant, 6 in. 

 broad. Petals longer than the sepals, spatulate or oblong, obtuse at 

 the apex, narrowed at the base. Cone 3-4 in. long, pink at niatm'ity. 

 In rich woods S.* 



3. M. macrophylla, Michx. Large-leaved Umbrella Tree. 

 A small tree with gray bark. Leaves clustered at the ends of the 

 branches, oblong or obovate, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, 

 green and glabrous above, white and downy beneath, H-3 ft. long; 

 petioles stout. Flowers white with a purple center, fragrant, 8-12 

 in. wide ; petals oblong, obtuse, two or three times as long as the 

 sepals. Cone ovate, 4-6 in. long, bright red at maturity. Shady 

 woods on light soil S.* 



4. M. virginiana, L. Sweet Bay. A small tree with light gray 

 bark. Leaves scattered on the branches, evergreen, thick and 

 leathery, oval or oblong, smooth and green above, white and with 



