DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 111 



times few or wanting. Leaves thick, oval or obovate, shining above, 

 paler below, obtuse or acute, and sharply serrate at the apex, wedge- 

 shaped and entire at the base. Corymbs terminal, many-flowered, 

 smooth; flowers about ^ in. wide; styles 1-3 ; fruit red, subglobose, 

 ^ in. in diameter. Common in open woods.* 



4. C. spathulata, Michx. Small-fruited Haw. A small tree, 

 young twigs densely downy ; spines 1-2 in. long ; leaves small, 

 spatulate, crenate at the rounded apex, entire and wedge-shaped 

 below, leathery, smooth ; stipules crescent-shaped ; corymbs com- 

 pound, many-flowered ; flowers small ; calyx-lobes very short ; styles 

 5 ; fruit red, about the size of a small pea. On river banks.* 



5. C. flava, Ait. Yellow Haw. A small tree with very numer- 

 ous spines ; leaves obovate, glandidar-serrate at the rounded apex, 

 cuneate below, downy when young ; petiole short ; corymbs few- 

 flowered, slightly downy ; flowers ^-| in. wide ; calyx-lobes entire 

 or glandular-serrate ; styles 4-5 ; fruit pear-shaped, |- in. or more in 

 length, greenish-yellow. On sandy soil.* 



VII. RUBUS, L. 



Mostly prickly shrubs, producing runners. Leaves alter- 

 nate, simple or compound ; sti2:)ules adnate to the petiole. 

 Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters, rarely solitary, 

 white (in one American species [No. 1] purple rose-color). 

 Calyx free from the ovary, with a broad tube ; its lobes 5, 

 persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Carpels many, distinct, 

 on a convex receptacle. Fruit a cluster of little 1-seeded 

 stone-fruits on a dry or somewhat juicy receptacle. 



A. Raspberries. 



Grains of the fruit, luhen ripe, falling off from the receptacle and 

 leaving the latter ivith the calyx. 



1. Rubus odoratus, L. Flowering Raspberry (often wrongly 

 called Mulberry). Stems shrubby and rather stout, 3-5 ft. high, 

 not prickly, the young shoots, peduncles, and calyx covered with 

 sticky glandular hairs. Leaves large, simple, 3-5-lobed. Flowers 

 showy, rose-purple, 1-2 in. in diameter, on many-flowered pedun- 

 cles. Fruit flatfish, eatable. Rather common E. and N. and often 

 cultivated. 



2. R. triflonis, Richardson. Dw^^rf Raspberry (also wrongly 

 known as Mulberry). A slender trailing plant, almost entirely 

 herbaceous, not prickly but sometimes bristly. Leaves compound, 



