112 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



usually of 3 but sometimes of 5 thin ovate-lanceolate, frequently 

 unsymmetrical leaflets, which are coarsely doubly serrate and often 

 cleft or lobed, with a shining upper surface. Flowers smaU, on 1-3- 

 flowered joeduncles. Fruit of a few loosely cohering grains, eaten 

 by childi'en. Common, especially N., in hilly woods, often forming 

 a dense carpet in the partial shade of j^ines. 



3. R. occidentalis, L. Black Raspberry. Stems long and 

 slender, often recurved and rooting at the tips, armed with weak, 

 hooked prickles. Leaves petioled, 3-5 ovate leaflets, coarsely ser- 

 rate, white-downy below. Flowers white, in compact terminal 

 corymbs. Pedicels erect or ascending. Fruit black, hemispherical, 

 separating easily from the receptacle. Common on borders of 

 woods Mo. and N"., widely cultivated.* 



4. R. strigosus, Michx. Red Raspberry. Stems widely branch- 

 ing, biennial, not rooting at the tips, armed with weak bristles and 

 with a few hooked prickles. Leaves petioled, of 3-5 ovate leaflets 

 which are sharply serrate and sometimes lobed, downy beneath. 

 Flowers in terminal and axillary racemes and panicles, pedicels 

 drooping. Fruit hemispherical or conical, red, separating easily 

 from the receptacle. Common on mountains and burned clearings. 

 Iowa and X. and widely cultivated.* 



B. Blackberries. 



Grains of the ripe fruit falling from the calyx along with the soft, 

 eatable receptacle. 



5. R. nigrobaccus, Bailey. High Blackberry. Stem shrubby, 

 erect or bending, 4-10 ft. high, glandular-downy above and with 

 stout, hooked prickles below. Leaves petioled, of 3-7 ovate leaflets 

 which are acute, irregularly serrate, smooth or soft-hairy. Flowers 

 in terminal, bracted panicles. Petals white, obovate, much longer 

 than the taper-pointed sepals. Fruit large, black, oblong. Common 

 in thickets.* 



6. R. villosus, Ait. Low Blackberry, Dewberry. Stems 

 shrubby, trailing widely, from 3-10 ft. long, somewhat prickly. 

 Leaflets usually 3, but sometimes 5 or 7, ovate, acute, sharply (and 

 doubly) cut-serrate, thin. Racemes upright on the short branches, 

 1-3-flowered. Fruit roundish, of fewer and larger grains than No. 5, 

 very sweet when fully ripe. Common N., in stony or gravelly fields. 



7. R. cuneifolius, Pursh. Sand Blackberry. Stem shrubby, 

 erect or diffuse, 2-3 ft. high ; prickles straight or recurved. Leaves 

 petioled, 3-5-foliate ; leaflets obovate, serrate towards the apex, 

 wedge-shaped towards the base, rough above, white downy-woolly 

 beneath. Racemes mainly terminal, few-flowered. Petals white, 



