DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 115 



small, shorter than the calyx-lobes. Heads of fruit large, on stout, 

 hairy peduncles ; the receptacle nearly or quite smooth. Borders of 

 woods and damp thickets. 



3. G. rivale, L. Water Avens, Purple Avens, Chocolate 

 Root. Stem lj-2 ft. high, somewhat downy or hairy, simple or 

 nearly so. Root-leaves lyrate and somewhat pinnate, wdth the divi- 

 sions irregular ; stem-leaves few, of 3 leaflets or 3-lobed. Flowers 

 rather large. Petals purplish-yellow, as long as the brownish-purple 

 calyx-lobes. Styles long, purplish ; stigmas thread-like, feathered 

 with soft hairs, especially in fruit. Wet meadows. 



XII. ROSA, Toum. 



Erect, running or climbing prickly shrubs. Leaves pinnate, 

 leaflets serrate, stipules adnate to the petiole. Calyx-tube 

 urn-shaped, with a rather narrow mouth. Petals (in single 

 roses) 5. Stamens many, inserted around the inside of the 

 mouth of the calyx-tube. Ovaries many, hairy, ripening 

 into bony akenes, enclosed in the rather fleshy and sometimes 

 eatable calyx-tube. 



1. R. blanda, Ait. Early Wild Rose. Stems 1-3 ft. high, 

 usually without prickles ; stipules broad. Flowers generally large, 

 corymbed or solitary ; sepals after flowering closing over the mouth 

 of the calyx-tube and persistent. Rocks and rocky shores. 



2. R. Carolina, L. Swamp Rose. Stems 4-8 ft. high, with 

 stout and generally recurved prickles. Stipules long and narrow; 

 leaflets commonly downy beneath, finely sei'rate. Flowers several in 

 a corymb, bright rose-color. Sepals spreading and falling off after 

 flowering. Damp woods and borders of swamps. 



3. R. lucida, Ehrh. Dwarf Wild Rose. Stems varying in 

 height from less than a foot to 6 ft., with stout, somewhat hooked 

 prickles. Stipules rather broad ; leaflets small, thickish and glossy 

 above, coarsely toothed toward the tip. Flowers corymbed, or soli- 

 tary, pale rose-color. Sepals spreading and falling off after flower- 

 ing. Moist ground and swamps. 



4. R. humilis, Marsh. Pasture Rose. Stem erect, branched, 

 usually armed with stout stipular prickles and with bristles, but 

 sometimes nearly smooth, 1-3 ft. tall. Leaves mostly of 5 leaflets ; 

 stipules entire ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or oval, shining above, 

 pale beneath, sharply serrate. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, 

 2-3 in. broad, pink. Peduncles and calyx glandular-downy. Calyx- 

 lobes leaf-like, spreading, finally deciduous. Styles distinct. Fruit 

 globose, bristly hairy. On dry soil ; our most common wild rose. S.* 



