DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 151 



§ 2. Leafy-stemmed perennials. 



5. V. pubescens, Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. Soft, downy, 

 6-12 in. liigh. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, toothed, with large 

 stipules. Flowers yellow, with a short spur. 



6. V. canadensis, L. Canada Violet. Stems very leafy, smooth, 

 1 ft. or more high. Leaves heart-shaped, taper-pointed, serrate. 

 Flowers large and handsome ; petals white, or nearly so, inside, the 

 upper ones usually violet-tinged beneath, lateral petals bearded. 



§ 3. Leafy-stemmed, from an annual, biennial, or occasionally short- 

 lived perennial root : stipules about as large as the leaves. 



7. V. tricolor, L. Pansy, Heart's-ease. Stem branching, 

 angular, hardly erect. Leaves variable, more or less ovate, crenate. 

 Flowers large (often more than 1 in. across), flattish, short-spurred, 

 exceedingly variable in color. Cultivated from Europe. 



Variety arvensis. Johnny-jump-up, Lady's-delight. A small 

 flowered variety. Introduced in gardens and sometimes appearing 

 like a native plant. 



67. PASSIFLORACE^. Passion-flower Family. 



Shrubs or herbs, climbing by axillary tendrils. Leaves 

 alternate, simple, mostly 3-lobed. Flowers axillary, on jointed 

 peduncles, solitary or few together, perfect, regular, often 

 showy. Calyx-tube 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals usually 5, 

 inserted on the throat of the calyx-tube, which is fringed 

 with a crown of 1-3 rows of long and slender filaments. 

 Stamens 5, their filaments united, and enclosing the stalk of 

 the ovary. Styles 1-5 ; ovary with 3-5 parietal placentae. 

 Seeds numerous, fruit fleshy. 



PASSIFLORA. 



Characters of the family. 



1. P. incarnata, L. Passion-flower. Perennial. Stem often 

 20-30 ft. long, somewhat angled or striate, smooth below, downy 

 above. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, palmately 3-5-lobed, the lobes 

 acute, finely serrate, usually heart-shaped at the base ; petiole bearing 



