216 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



Leaflets 5-11, oblong, taper-pointed, smooth. Cymes flat and often 

 very large. Fruit purplish-black, insipid or almost nauseous, but 

 somewhat used in cookery. 



2. S. racemosa, L. Red-berried Elder. More woody, with 

 brown pith. Leaflets fewer, downy beneath, especially when young. 

 Cymes panicled and somewhat pyramidal. Fruit scarlet. 



II. VIBURNUM, L. 



Shrubs or small trees. Leaves simple, entire, dentate or 

 lobed, with or without stipules. Flow^ers small, w^hite, in 

 terminal cymeS; the outer flow^ers of the cyme sometimes 

 greatly enlarged and sterile. Calyx-tube very small, 5-toothed. 

 Corolla w^heel-shaped or bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, in- 

 serted in the tube of the corolla. Ovary 1-3-celled, 1-3- 

 ovuled, but only 1 ovule maturing; style short, 3-lobed. Fruit 

 a 1-seeded stone-fruit.* 



Flowers around the margin of the cyme without stamens or pistils, 



large and showy. 



1. V. lantanoides, Michx. Hobble-bush, Witch-hobble. A 



shrub about 5 ft. high, with the branches reclining and often root- 

 ing and forming loops (whence the popular names). Leaves very 

 large, roundish, abruptly tajDer-pointed, serrate, with a rusty doM'n 

 on the petioles and veinlets. Cymes very broad and showy. Fruit 

 red, not eatable. 



2. V. Opulus, L. Cranberry Tree, High-bush Cranberry. 

 A handsome, upright shrub. Leaves 3-5-ribbed and 3-lobed. Fruit 

 bright red, juicy, very acid, and used as a substitute for cranberries. 

 Common N. The form known as " Snowball " with all the flowers 

 showy and sterile is cultivated from Em-ope. 



B. 



Flowers all small and perfect. 



3. V. acerifolium, L. Maple-leaved Arrowwood. A slender 

 shrub 3-6 ft, high. Leaves broadly ovate to heart-shaped, palmately 

 veined and 3-lobed, serrate or nearly entire, petioled, downy, becom- 

 ing smooth above. Cymes peduncled, about 7-rayed, 2-3 in. wide; 

 sterile flowers none. Fruit oval, black, stone flat, 2-ridged on the 

 edges. In dry, open woods.* 



