DICTIONARY OP THE ACTIVE PKINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



13 



Soluble in alcho!, ether, chloroform, aiul benzene. 

 Precipitated by alkaline hydrates. 



(f) ARISTINE A. Crystallizes in gold lamina! from hot glacial acetic 

 acid ; neutral reaction : decomposed at 260'. 



Soluble in ether, chloroform, and benzene ; sparingly in hot alcohol. 

 Alkaline hydrates and ammonia convert to red compound. 

 Couccntiated sulphuric acid, bluc-wgreenish. 



§ 2;l. ARNICA montana (Leopard's bane), Cmnpnsila'. Investigator: 

 Walz, iV. .hilirxl). Pharm., vols. \?> and 15. 



ARNICIN B., C._,„H.j„Oj(?). Amorphous terebinthinate ( ' possibly cry stalliz- 



able.' Dupuy) ; bitter, non-volatile. 



Soluble in alooliol and ether ; difficultly or insoluble in water. 



Alkiiliiie hydrates ( ,. , 

 ,, • ■' di.ssnlve. 



Ammonia ( 



Precipitated by the following from alcoholic solution : 



Lead acetate, basic. 

 Tannic acid. 

 Platinum chloride 



Silver nitrate. 

 Mercuric chloride. 



§ :')0. ARTEMISIA absyntbium (Wormwood), Compoxifit (»)• A. 

 abrotanum (Southernwood), (h) ; A. maritima (Semen santonici. Semen 

 contra, or Worinseed), (c). [A. herba alba, Asso. (A. ramosa, Smith ; or, 

 A. silberi, Be-s), contains no (c).] 



(':) ABSYNTHIIN B. orG., CjoHogOs or CisH^oOj (Senger) ; pale yellow, 

 amorphous; M. f. r20°-125°? (65° Senger) ; neutral, bitter ; convertible, 

 according to Senger, into dextrose, a volatile substance, and a resin. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene ; with difficulty in water 

 or petroleum ether. 



Benzi-ne removes from acid solution ; petroleum spirit, only traces. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve. 

 [Lead, acetate neutral or basic, 

 no pp.1 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, brown 



odour on warming. 

 Nitric acid, oxidizes to oxalic and picric acids, etc 

 Friihde's reagent, browu'vv.violet-blue. 



Tannic acid. pp. 



Gold chloride, pp. ; reduction on 

 warming. 



reen~v.blue ; no characteristic 



(/-) ABROTINE A., C.,,H.,.,No02 (Giacosa, 188B). Crystalline powder or 

 needles ; fluorescent blue. Sulphate = Ab./H.jSOjM;H.,0, crys. 

 Soluble with difficulty in hot water. 

 Platinum chloride forms a compound difficultly soluble. 



(c) SANTONIN B. (Santonio acid). C,jir,80,. Crystals four-sided ortho- 

 rhombic ; M.P. 160°-170', yielding sublimate (if rapidly heated becomes 

 brown, alcohol then giving a red solution) ; specific gravity 1'2.")7 ; feebly 

 acid reaction, bitter in alcoholic solution : leevo-rotatory ; anthelmintic. 



Solubility ; 1 in 4,iX)0 cold, 1 in 250 hot water ; 1 in 72 cold alcohol, 

 easier warm ; 1 in 4'.^5 chloroform ; 1 in 42 hot ether ; soluble also in 

 benzene, acetic acid, and ethereal Gil«. 



Chloroform and benzene remove from acid solutions on shaking, but 

 not from (iHiili'ne aqueous mixtures. 

 Precipitants : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve (alcoholic sodic hydrate gives a momen- 

 tary red). 

 Lead acetate, neutral or basic (the pp. is a lead .^antonate, soluble in 



warm alcohol). 

 Tannic acid. I Mercurous nitrate. 



Ferrous sulphate. Chlorine water, slow deposition 



Copper sulphate. 1 of crystals. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves at first colourless ; on heating 



to 150°, then adding 1 drop ferric chloride, red-«vgradually violet. 

 Dilute acids do not dissolve, but precipitate from solution after some 

 days. (May be ' shaken out' by chloroform.) 



((/) HYPOSANTONIN. C,5H,sO, (Grassi-Cristaldi), formed by reduction of 

 santonin phenylhydrazone with sodium arnalgam. Crystallizes in shining 

 plates; M.P. 152°; dextro-rotatory; [a]n=-|-30. 



Soluble in benzene, warm alcohol, ether, acetic acid. Insoluble in 

 water and cold alkaline solutions, but latter dissolve on warming. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid and ferric chloride, violet-wgreen. 



{(>) ISOHYPOSANTONIN. from (rf) by dis.solving in potash and reprecipi- 

 tating with acid. La;vo-rotatory : [a]D=— 70-31. 



§ 3t. ASCLEPIADACE.S, various. A. syriaca, A. currassavica 

 (Bastard ipecacuanha). A. incarnata (Swamp silk-weed), A. tuberosa 

 (Butterfly- weed), and Vincetoxicum officinale, (a). Solenostemma 

 (Cynanchum) Argel, (i), (e). [Araygdalin was found by Greshotf in an 

 Indian Asclepiadea : Gymnema latifolium.] 



