li! 



DICTIONAKY Ol' THE ACTIVE PltlNrU'LK; 



Crystallizes in prisms ; M.P. 'JS^-'JS". Resembles Atropine in physio- 

 Icigiciil action. 



Soluble only with difficnlty in water, iilthough liygroscopic ; readily in 

 ether and chloroform. 



Precipitants : 



Picric acid, yellow becoming crystalline. 

 Mercuric potassic iodide, white flocculent. 

 Mercuric chloride in alcohol, to the free base, red pp. (HgO). 

 Colour test : Evaporated with nitric acid, then touched with drop of 

 alcoholic jiotash when cold, yellow coloration. 



((/) HYOSCYAMINE A. (Duboi>ine ; ' Commercial samples with latter name 

 are frecjuently only scopolamine.' — Schmidt), CiyH^jNOj ; isomeric with 

 Atropine, from which it differs only (according to Ladenburg's suggestion) 

 as tartaric differs from racemic acid. Crys. in needles or plates if pure, 

 otherwise amorphous ; M.P. 108 and slightly volatile ; feebly Ieevo- 

 rotatoi-y. No odour if pure, otherwise tobacco-like. Dilates the pupil. 

 Reaction alkaline, both to phenolphthalein as well as litmus (compare 

 Atropine). Sharp and disagreeable taste. 



Soluble in hot water ; with difficulty in the cold (easier sol. when 

 im(iurc), in alcohol, amyl alcohol, ether, chloroform benzene. 



It is removed from alkaline solution by benzene and ether (not easily 

 by latter). 



It may be obtained in the cri/stalliiie form from benzene (in needles), 

 and from chloroform (in plates), but only amorphous from amyl alcohol 

 or ether. 



Precipitants : 



(Aluaiine hydrates, only in part even with concentrated solutions). 



( „ carbonates 1 '\ 



VAmmonia hydrate i " " " "' / 



Tannic acid, yellowish-white. 



Picric acid, yellow. 



[^Not ferric chloride.] 



? Nut Platinum chloride, unless concentrated (pp. sol. in excess — 



Dragf-ndorff, ' Erraittelung der Gifte'). 

 Gold chloride, yellowish white. 

 \_Not potassium ferrocyaiiide. 



,, ferricyanide. 



,, sulphoc_\anide. 



„ chromate.J 



Phospho-molybdic acid, yellowish-white. 

 Phospho-tungstic acid, 

 lodo-potassic iodide, orange. 

 [Not potassic iodide alone.] 

 Jiismiith-potassic iodide, red amorphous. 

 Cadmium-potassic iodide, 1 in I'l.OUU. 

 Mercuric potassic iodide, white. 

 Mercuric chloride. 

 Iodine tincture. 

 Colour tests (negative) : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, colourless. 



,, „ „ with sugar, no effect. 



„ „ „ with potassium bichromate, discoloured. 



„ nitric acid, colourless. 



„ hydrochloric acid, colourless. 



Frohde's solution. 

 (</-2) PSEUDOHYOSCYAHflNE A., Ci-H.^.XO^. Obtained by E. Merck from 

 Duboisia niyoporoides. Crys. needles ; M.P. ISii'-lS-l' (with decomposi- 

 tion); lajvo-iotatory. 



Readily soluble in alcohol and chloroform ; with difficulty in water 

 and ether. 



Yields, on hydrolysis, tropic acid and a base isomeric with Tropine. 

 Gold chloride salt of Pseudohyoscyamine melts at ITil C. 

 (/() HYOSCINE A. (Sikeranine ; Scopolamine), C,-H^XO:, (Ladenbnrg), 

 or C17H.J1NO, (Hesse and Schmidt) ; amorphous ; semi-fluid, giving 

 crystalline .-alts ; M.P. about 0.')' (Hesse), or 5!!' (Schmidt) ; tevo- 

 rotatoiy: [a]n=-1371. Dilates the pupil. 



Soluble iu alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, and with difficulty in 

 water. Removed from alkaline solution as atropine (see above). 

 Precipitants : 



Grid chloride ; may be sepa- 

 rated from commercial Hyos- 

 cyamine by fractional pre- 

 cipitation. 



Potassium ferrocyanide, white 

 amorphous. 



lyol by potass, ferricyani le.J 



[No! by potass, sulphocyanide.] 



,, ,, chromate]. 



Phospho-tungstic acid, 

 lodo-potassic iodide, pp. oily. 

 [Not potassium iodide.] 

 Mercuric-potassic iodide, yellow. 

 Mercuric chloride, amorphous. 



No coloration with concentrated sulphuric acid. 

 (/) ATROPAMINE .A., Ci7H..,N0^, : stands to Hyoscine as does Apoatropine 



