18 



DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



times toxic power of Coniine. Salts crystallize with difficulty, and lose 

 Nicotine on evaporation. 



Soluble in all proportions, in water, alcohol, and ether ; also soluble in 

 benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether, oils, and in 40 parts of turpentine. 

 It is removed from alkaline solution by petroleum ether as well as by 

 ether, benzene, and chloroform. 



Sulphur is dissolved by it at 101)°, and crystallizes out on cooling. 

 Precipitants : 



(It is only displaced from its salts by alkalies and alkaline eaiths.) 

 Solid potash causes Nicotine to separate from solution. 

 Lead acetate, neutral, pp. of lead hydrate with the free base. 

 Tannic acid, cloud at 1 in 500, sol. in warm hydrochloric acid, but 



reappearing as solution cools. 

 [Not gallic acid.] 

 Picric acid m excess gives pp., otherwise not in dilute solution. The 



pp. is amorphous, but changes to crystals. 

 Ferric chloride, pp. of ferric hydrate by free base. 

 Platinum chloride, pp. sol. in hot water and in hydrochloric acid ; 



cloud at i in .''1,000 using HCl salt. 

 Gold chloride, gradual cloud at 1 in 10,000. 

 [Not potassium f errocyanide. 



„ ,, ferricyanide. 



„ ., sulphocyanide. 



„ „ ohromate. 



„ silver-potassic cyanide.] 

 Phosphomolybdic acid, cloud at 1 in 40.000. 

 Phospho-antimonic acid, cloud at 1 in 'ioO. 

 lodo-rotassic iodide to acidified solution, reddish-brown pp., up to 1 



in 260,000. 

 Bismiith-potassic iodide, pp. ; cloud at 1 in 40,000. 

 Cadniium-potassic iodide, pp., 1 in 10,000'? (1 in ."iOO Dragen- 



dorff, ' Ermittelung der Git te '). 

 [Not zinc-potassic iodide.] 

 Mercuric-potassic iodide, white amorphous resinous characteristic; 



cloud at 1 in 15,000 ; limit, 1 in 25,(100. 

 Mercuric chloride gives loith free Nicoliiie, white crystalline pp., 1 in 



3,000. 

 Mercuric cyanide, not with free Nicotine, but crystalline pp. when 



neutral Nicotine hydrochloride is added to saturated sol. of mercuric 



cyanide. 



Chlorine gas colours brown to blood-red : substance formed is sol. in 



alcohol yielding crystals on evaporation. 

 Iodine dissolved in ether gives with etheral solution of nicotine, after 

 some hours, long needle-shaped crystals. 

 Colour tests (mostly negative) : 



('i)ncentrated sulphuric acid, no effect. 



,, ,. ., with sugar, no effect. 



,, ., ., ,, nitric acid, no effect. 



,, nitric acid, no effect, or scarcely yellow ; but with 



larger quantity (than ordinarily used for such tests), gay half-drop, 

 violet-red'wblood-red~<.colourless. 

 Concentrated hydrochloric acid, no effect (red amorphous residue on 



evaporation). 

 Frilhde's reagent, no effect or yellowish. 



(.s) FABIANIN G., giving fluorescent solutions. 



Soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether (removed by latter from 

 alkaline solution). 



, ' •' ; dissolve to deep yellow fluorescent solutions. 



Ammonia \ "^ •' 



Concentrated sulphuric acid with potassic bichromate, deep green. 



Nitric acid, yellow. 



Hydrochloric acid, ditto. 



(0 FABIIN. Neutral, crystalline, non-fusible (browns at 270°). 

 Soluble in absolute alcohol or in boiling 95 per cent, spirit, and in ether 

 or chloroform. Insoluble in water. 

 Unaffected by alkalies. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid with potassic bicromate, dark blue. 



g ?>C} AURANTIACE.ffi. Citrus aurantium (Sweet orange) ; C. 

 bigaradia, or C. aurantium, var. Amara (Bitter orange) ; C. medica 

 ('citron '), the fruits (a) ; Citrus decumana (Shaddock), (g), 2 per cent, 

 in dried flowers ; C. limonum (Lemon), the seeds (i) ; Murraya 

 exotica (J). 



(a) HESPERIDIN G. (see Barosmin), Co,H^O,„ (or C^^^^O.^, C. Tanret, 

 1888). Forms sphero-crystals ; M.P. 250°-25r. With i per cent, sul- 

 phuric acid in alcoholic solution, it yields Hesperidin -t- glucose (2 parts) -)- 

 isodulcitol (1 part). 



Soluble in acetic acid and alcohol, in 5,000 parts of hot water (crystals 



