DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OP PLANTS. 



19 



on cooling) ; but insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene, carbon, bisul- 

 phide, or acetone. 



ii! /I, J i \ f- dissolve ; acids reprecipitate. 

 „ earths (hydrates) ) r t- 



[No pp. lead acetate, neutral or basic] 



Ferric chloride, brownish-red coloration. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves, and on warming gives intense 

 red. 



Treated with sodium amalgam, and then hydrochloric acid, a pp. is 

 obtained that dissolves in alcohol to a reddish-violet solution. 



(h) HESPERETIN (from Hesperidin), CdHisO^. Crystalline plates ; M.P. 

 224°--2-i0° ; sweetish taste. 



Soluble in alcohol, with difficulty in ether or benzene, and scarcely in 

 water. 



Ferric chloride, brown coloration. 



(«) HESPERETINIC ACID (Iso-ferulic Acid), Ci(,H,„()„ or CsH^ (CH : 

 0H.C00H)(0H)(0CH3), is formed, together with phloroglucin, 

 by the action of hot potash solution on Hesperetin ; M.P. 228'\ Yields 

 protocatechuic acid on fusion with potash. 



{(1) ISOHESPERIDIN, Co,H,60i„ or CioHjoOoy + oHoO ; same reactions as 

 Hesperidin, but distinct therefrom (C. Tanret). 



(e) AURANTIAMARIC ACID, Ci„H,.,Oj ; resinous, very bitter, tevo- rotatory 

 ([a]D=-2.S'). 



Soluble in hot water. 



(f) AURANTIAMARIN G.; bitter ; probably same formula as Isohesperidin 

 (Tanret). 



{g) NARINGIN «. (De Vrij's Hesperidin ; Aurantiin), C23H28O12+4H2O 

 (E. Hoffmann). Yellow, crystalline, bitter, Isevo-rotatory ( -8i'5° in 

 water, or - 87'6° in alcohol); M.P. 171°. Yields Naringenin and iso- 

 dulcitol on hydrolysis. 



Soluble in 301) parts water, in alcohol and acetic acid. Insoluble in 

 ether, chloroform, benzene, or essential oils. 



Ferric chloride, reddish-brown coloration. 



(/() NARINGENIN (from Naringin)=Phloroglucinol-paracoumarate, or 

 OH-CsHjCH : GHCOO-C6H3(OH).,. 



(i) /./MOA///VG., Cj^HooO/? (Bernays) ; microscopic crystals ; M.P. 2W 

 (or 276° Paterno) ; very bitter, neutral. 



Soluble in alcohol and acetic acid ; scarcely in water or ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve, j Tannic acid ( pp. with the alcoholic 



Acids reprecipitate. | Picric acid ( solution. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves blood-red ; water repreeipi- 



tates. 



(,/•) MURRAYIN C, C,8H„„0,„ + ]iH.,0 (air-dried); crys. fine needles; 



M.P. 170°, with crystalline sublimate ; feebly bitter. Dilute sulphuric 



acid converts to Murrayetin and glucose. 



Soluble in alcohol easily, and in hot water ; difficultly in cold water, 



and scarcely in ether. 



u i. give solutions that are fluorescent on account of 

 , carbonates -° -,,- .■ j; j 



'- ,, Murravetm formed. 



,, earths ) •' 



(/.•) MURRAYETIN, CiMjnOi,; formed together with glucose from Mur- 

 rayin. It is a fluorescent, tasteless substance. 



Soluble in hot water and alcohol ; difficultly in cold water or ether. 



Basic lead acetate gives pp. 



Ferric chloride, blui.sh-green coloration. 



§37. BACHARIS cordifolia (Co«i/(f<.</^r), S. America. Investigator: 

 P.'xi^rata, ./. Pharm , 1870. 



BACHARINE A. ; crystallizes in needles. 



Solubility, slight in cold water, better hot, and in alcohol and ether ; 

 best in amyl alcohol. 



Precipitated by most alkaloid precipitants (Dupuy). 



§ 38. BAPHIA nitida (Legumiimsce — Cmsalpinew), Sierra Leone, etc. 

 From the woud ('Barwood' or 'Camwood') Anderson {J. Chem. Snc, 

 187G) has extracted : 



BAPHIIN B. (Ci-iHioOj),, ; crystallizing in lustrous needles or plates 

 which are colourless if pure, otherwise red. M.P. below 200° C. (part 

 only melts, remainder decomposing) ; odour of orris root ou heating. 

 Oxidizes on exposure, becoming yellow, then red. Yields Baphic acid 

 on boiling (see over). Baphiin is neutral, insoluble in water, diffi- 

 cultly soluble in benzene and carbon bisulphide, soluble in alcohol and 

 ether. 



With alkaline solution decomposition occurs, Baphinilin being 

 formed. 



