DICTIONAUY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OP PLANTS. 



23 



Ferric chloride gives red coloration with the alcoholic solution. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid produces a red amorphous substance, 



§ 44. BRYONIA alba {Cnciirhilwcit). The root. Inve.stigators : 

 Walz and others. 



BRYONIN G., CjgHgjO,,, ? (Walz) ; amorphous ; very bitter ; yields sugar 

 and Briiniiilhi. 



Soluble in water, alcohol (2 to .3 parts). Insoluble in ether. 

 Precipitants : 

 Tannic acid. 

 Platinum chloride. 

 [Not jireci pita ted by basic acetate of lead.] 



§ 45. CAILCEDRA bark (Swietenia, or Khaya Senegalensis) ; 

 Cechflarnr : Africa. E. Caventon, ,/. dc Phann. (3) 16, ?,bt> and 33, 123. 

 CAILCEDRIN B. ; amorphous, brittle, resinous, bitter, neutral, fluorescent; 



M.P. iiy^m\ 



Soluble in alcnhrt), ether and chloroform ; with difficulty in water, to 

 which, however, it imparts its fluorescence. 



Tannic acid gives a precipitate soluble in excess. 



Not precipitated by lead acetate (neutral or basic), ferric chloride, nor 

 platinum chloride. 



§ 4(1. CALABAR bean (Physostigma faba ; P. venenosum) : Lfi/ii- 

 mhiosa : AV. Africa. 



PHYSOSTIGMINE X. (Eserine), Ci.,H.^,N.,0; ; crystallizable only with great 

 difficulty; laivo-rotatory : tasteless or slightly bitter ; alkaline; Bf.P. 4o^, 

 decomposed in part at 100°, and even at lower temperatures, becoming 

 red ; extremely poisonous, producing death by asphyxia or cardiac 

 paralysis ; contracts pupil when locally applied. 



Solubility: It is dissolved easily by alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, 

 and carbon bisuliihide ; with difficulty by water, and not by petroleum 

 ether. 

 Precipitants ; 



Alkaline hydrates and carbonates, oily pp., but only with concen- 

 trated .iolntions ; a colour eilect is produced, however, namely, an 

 intense red, changing successively to yellow, green and blue. 

 [No pp. lead acetate, neutral, nor by picric acid or platinum chloride 



in a solution of 1 in 2ri0.] 

 Tannic acid, p]). reddish, 1 in 3,000, dissolved by HCl. 



The free base precipitates iron as hydrate from a solution of ferric 



chloride. 

 Gold chloride, blue coloration, 1 in 2,000, and reduction of gold. 

 Phospho-molybdic and iodo-potassic iodide give precipitates — the 



latter kermes-coloured — 1 in 26,000. 

 Cadmium-potassic iodide, yellowish-white, 1 in 1,000. 

 Mercuric-potassic iodide, 1 in 5,000 ; the pp. is soluble in a mixture 



of ether and alcohol, and has a melting point, 70°. 

 Mercuric chloride, reddish-white, soluble in HCl. [No pp. at 1 in 



.500.] 

 Chloride of lime (bleaching powder) and bromine solution both give 



red coloration, the latter distinguishable at 1 in .5,000. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, yellow, becoming orange-green (gradual 



red. Muter). 

 Sulphuric and nitric acids mixed, or nitric acid alone, yellow to red. 

 Concentrated hydrochloric acid also gives a reddish coloration. 

 Tlic sulphate, neutralized with ammonia and warmed, gives the series 



of colours mentioned after alkaline hydrates above. 

 Barium hydrate produces the red substance Ruhreserine, soluble in 

 chloroform. 

 CALABARINE A. (obtained by Poehl, Pharm. J., Rimlaiid, 17, 38", from 

 the solution from which Physostigmine has been removed by shaking 

 with ether, which does not dissolve Calabarine) ; known only in solution ; 

 it is more powerfully Isevo-rotatory than Physostigmine, differs from the 

 latter in producing tetanus, in being insoluble in ether (it is soluble in 

 water and alcohol), and in the fact that the precipitate produced with 

 mercuric-potassic iodide is insoluble in alcohol. 

 It is precipitated by phospho-tungstic acid. 

 [Not by lead acetate, neutral or basic] 



§ 47. CALENDULA officinalis (Marigold) ; ComposiUc ; the leaves 

 and flowers. Investigator : Geiger, D/sscrln., Heidelberg, ISIS. 



CALENDULW. Neutral principle, amorphous, transparent, yellow, t.asteless. 

 Soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid, not in ether ; swells up in 

 water. It is dissolved by ammonia and alkaline hydrates. 

 The alcoholic solution is precipitated by : 

 Lead acetate, both neutral and basic, and by 

 Mtrcuric chloride. 

 [Not by tannin.] 

 g 4S. CALOTROPIS gigantea and C. procera (C. Mudaiii) = Mudar 



