DlCTIIlNAKV or THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



Capsicin (Be.) is 



Soluble ill alkaline hydrates. 



[Not in carbonates.] 



Ammonia converts to soapy mass. 



Barium and calcium salts give pps. iu concentrated alcoholic solutions. 



It is not precipitated by basic acetate of lead, tannic acid, gold 



chloride, or silver nitrate (with strong alcoholic solution, the latter 



does give a pp). 

 Ferric chloride, no change cold, red pp. on warming (T.). 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid gives with Cajisicol (B.) a colourless 



solution becoming successively red, purple and black <m warming. 

 Nitric acid, red (becoming yellow with alkalies). 

 Pungency is destroyed by oxidizers. 



§ r)3. CARAPA Guianensis (C. Tulucunua) ; Meliitceie ; S. America ; 

 the bark. 



CARAPIN B ('doubtful,' E. Carentou) ; composition, C 55-04, H 6-54, 

 O HS'42 ]ier cent. ; amorphous, resinous 



Soluble in water (not easily), alcohol, ether and chloroform. 



No decided colours with concentrated acids, etc. 



TULUCUNNIN B. ; pale yellow, amorphous ; acid reaction ; very bitter. 



Soluble ill 150 parts of cold water, in alcohol and chloroform ; not in ether. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves brown, changing to blue ; or, if a 

 few di-rps of water be added immediately after the acid, a splendid blue is 

 at once obtained. 



Hydrochloric, phosphoric, warm citric oxalic, or tartaric acid each pro- 

 duces the same colour. 



Nitric and acetic acids do not. 



§ 54. CAROBA LEAVES (Jacaranda procera, or Cybistax anti- 

 syphilitira) ; Bij/mniiacirr ; Brazil. The substance Carobin below; and 

 Sparattosperraa leucantha leaves (same botanical order), Sparatto- 

 spermin. Investigator : Peckolt. Ph. J. Trails., 1882, and Zeit. oest. 

 Aimthr.,'>6.m\. 



CAROBIN B.; crystallizes in needles. 



Soluble 111 hot water and hot alcohol ; not iu those fluids cold, nor iu 

 ether. 



Precipitated by tartar emetic 



SPARATTOSPERMIN B., C,,,H.jjOi„ ; crystallizes in microscopic needles; 

 M.P. 245° ; yields no sugar with acids. 



Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in water, amyl alcohol, chloroform, 

 ether, or pretroleum ether. It is taken up by ether and water to some 

 extent on long boiling. 



§ 55. CASSIA acutifolia (C. lanceolata, or Alexandrian Senna) ; C. 

 angustifolia (C. elongata, E. Indian or Tinnevelly Senna) — the substances 

 (a) and (i) ; Albizzia Saponaria — substance (a); LeguminoscE. [Not to 

 confuse with Cassia bark, Cinnamomum Cassia.] Note : Some of the 

 Cassiea3 contain Beberine, see Beberis group. Tephrosia and Cynanchuni 

 have been used as adulterants of senna ; for Cynanchum, see Asclepias 

 grou p. 



((() CATHARTIC ACID G. (exists in form of magnesium and calcium salts); 

 brownish to black ; amorphous ; acid reaction ; with boiling dilute acids 

 it forms cathuiioijenic acid and sugar. 



It is soluble in alcohol and alkaline hydrate solution, being re-precipi- 

 tated therefrom by acids. Insoluble in ether. 



(h) SENNAPICRIN Q.. C.^HssO,- ; amorphous, bitter. 



Soluble in alcohol, with diflBculty in water, and not in ether. It gives a 

 V ellow ooloratiou with alkalies, and 

 Green with ferric chloride. 



§ 56. CATECHU (Acacia or Bombay Catechu — Cutch) ; Leguminosce — 

 Mimosea- ; Aivca Guvaca and Nauclea Gambir, Kuhiaceic (the nuts = 

 Columbo Catechu); 'Kino' from Pterocarpus erinaceie ; Asperula 

 odorata ; IVIahogany (the wood), etc., etc. See also Areca for Areca 

 Catechu. 



CATECHIN (Catechuic Acid), C.jiHojOg+oH^O, or CigHgOg (?) ; crystallizes 

 in long needles from the slowly-cooled aqueous .solution ; M.P. 217° 

 (Zwenger) ; somewhat bitter, with a slight acid reaction, though having 

 no markedly acid character. 



Soluble in 3 parts of boiling water, but requiring 1,13.3 in the cold ; it 

 is dissolved by 2 to 3 parts boiling alcohol, and 5 to 6 cold ; also in ether, 

 glacial acetic acid, turpentine, and alkaline solution — in the latter case 

 with brown coloration. 

 Precipitants : 



Lead acetate, neutral or basic, white. 



Ferric chloride, greenish-brown. 



Gold chloride, reddish brown. 



Silver nitrate animoniacal, green, changing to violet and black. 



Mercuric chloride and mercurous nitrate, dirty white. 



4 



