26 



DICTKINARY OF THE ACTIVE I'U/XCl I'l.KS HI' PLANTS. 



It reduces platinum chloriHe, copjiei' sulphate, and Fehling's solutions. 



No precipitates are given by tartar eraetic, alkaloids, or gelatin (dis- 

 tinction from tanniu). 



Conci^ntrated sulphuric acid, warm, dissolves with purple-red cnlnur. 



Nitric acid decomposes ; red fumes are evolved, and oxalic :icid is 

 produced. 



S ,57. CEANOTHUS Americanus L. ; lila(iii„„n-a' ; N. A-.. erica. The 

 dried leaves constitute 'New Jersey tea'; the root bark contains \ per 

 cent, of the following alkaloid. Investigator: F. (xerlach, Amfi: ./. 

 Phariii., 1«V)1. 



CEANOTHINE A. Formula has not been ascertained ; it contains 

 nitrogen and closely resembles caffeine ; is crystalline, neutral, bitter, and 

 melts at U1U°. Forms salts only in acid solution. 



Soluble in chloroform and ether. 



Fehling's .solution is reduced after boiling. 



§ 5H. CEPHALANTHUS occidentalis (Swamp Dogwood) ; Hnhiaceic : 

 N. America. Investig.itors : Mohrberg and Claasen. 



CEPHALANTHIN G., C^oHjjOs ; amorphous ; dextro-rotatory ; very bitter 

 (1 in ■-'5,(1110). On b .iling with acids, Cephalanthehi, CisHogOj (a crystal- 

 line substance), and sugar are produced. 



Soluble in alcohol, amyl alcohol, and acetic ether ; with ditticulty in 

 ether, chloroform and water (frothy solution). 



Fehling's solution reduced after boiling. 



CEPHALIN (t. ; crystalline, fluorescent (1 in -.i.OUdjOOO). Yields sugar and 

 Cephalrtiii, a crystalline substance giving fluorescent solutions with 

 alkalies. 



Cephalin is soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform ; very diHicultly 

 so in water. 



Dissolved also by alkalies and ammonia. 



§ .'i'.). CERBERA Thevetia L. (Thevetia neriifolia, Juss) ; Ajiuci/nacea' ; 

 the substances («) and {[/) ; investigators, De Vrij and Bias, iV. Jdliresh. 

 Ph., 31, 1. Thevetia Ycotli, A/ioci/iiaceai, the substance (c) ; Herrera, 

 Plianii. ,/. Trans., 1877. Cerbera Odollam, Apovynaceie, the substances 

 {d) aud \e) ■ Greshoff, 1891. 



(o) THEVETIN G. (Cerberin V see below), CsjHsjOi, (?) ; crystallizes in 

 microscopic plates ; iKvo-rotatory : M.P. 170° ; bitter, poisonous ; decom- 

 poses with formation of Theveresin (see below) and sugar (?). 



Soluble in cold Hater (l'J2 parts), in alcohol and glacial acetic acid ; not 

 in ether. 



Gives )iv precipitates with metallic salts. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, a reddish- brown, changing to cherry and 

 then violet in a few hours ; water destroys the colour. 



(/') THEVERESIN, formed from above, is neutral, amorphous, resinous ; 

 M.P. 1411 . 



Soluble in alcohol, with diflficulty in water, scarcely in ether, not in 

 chloroform or benzene. 



Alkalies give yellow solutions. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, the same colours as Thevetin. 



(r) THEVETOSIN G. ; crystallizes in four-sided prisms ; poisonous ; yields 

 sugar and a resin. 



Insoluble in water, slightly in ether. 



(r/l ODOLLIN, poisonous. 



Soluble in water, alcohol, amyl alcohol. Insoluble in chloroform. 



J\ot precipitated by ueutral lead acetate. 



Violet colour with concentrated sulphuric aeid. 



(c) CERBERIN B. (compare Thevetin above; ; crystalline ; nitropen free ; 

 neutral ; liitter and burning taste, poisonous ; uon-glncosidal, but acids 

 decompose ; M.P. 165°. 



Soluble in alcohol, chloroform, Ht) per cent, ether, glacial acetic acid ; 

 not in water. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, violet colour ^as with Odollin). 



S till. CH^SROPHYLLUM bulbosum ; i'lnbelUtene. Investigator : 



Polstorft', Arch. Pharm. [:2J, 18, 176. 

 CH/EROPHYLUNE A. ; alkaUne, volatile. 

 The sulphate is soluble in water, alcohol and ether. 

 Precipitated by 



Tannic acid. j Picric acid. 



S 61. CHAM.a;iiIRIUM luteum ; Melanthaaie (Cohhkacea); 10 per 

 cent, of rhizome. Investigator : Greene, Aimr. J. Ph.. 50. "J.'iO. Chaniae- 

 lirin was also found by Nevinny in a specimen of supposed East Indian 

 Ipecacuanha but which he believes to have been derived from Helonins 

 dioica (Li/iacia). 



CHAM/ELIRIN G. ; amorphous, light yellowish-red ; bitter. 



Soluble in w;iter (producing frothy solution), in alcohol and acetic acid; 



