DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



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C32H.|jO,5+4iH„0 ; crystalline, bitter; M.P. -ilS'-^^O". Converted by 

 acids into glucose and a substance, C25H14O9, occurring in glittering 

 needles. 



Soluble in alcohol and hot water (scarcely cold). Insoluble in ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates ) j- 1 ■ m 1 i- 



■' , , 5- dissolve to yellow solution. 

 ,, carbonates ) 



Lead acetate, gives pp. in absence of free acetic acid. 

 Ferric chloride, green coloration. 

 Silver nitrate, reduced. 

 Fehling's solution, reduced. 

 Coiicentr.itfd nitric acid, red solution. 

 § 6'J. CINCHONA group. Ruhidcei-C — C'ini:hiineic. A great number of 

 varieties of bark, derived from some three dozen species of Cinchona, 

 have from time to time been employed for the antifebrile properties which 

 they owe to the alkaloids contained in them : of these. Quinine is the most 

 valuable, and though occasionally absent or only present in traces, usually 

 forms a large proportion of the total alkaloid of the bark. 



Next in importance are Cinchonine, Cinchonidiue and Quinidine ; the 

 latter, however, is found in but small quantity (generally in traces, and 

 rarely to the extent of 1 per cent., except in C. pitayensis, etc., see below). 

 Cinchonine and Cinchonidine, on the other hand, frequently exceed the 

 Quinine in amount, or even replace it entirely. 



Besides the four alkaloids already referred to, there is a long list of 

 basic and other compounds of less general occurrence, or present in 

 minute proportions ; sixty-six substances are here mentioned. 



The following taljle must not be regarded as more than a rough guide ; 

 records are to a great extent wanting as to the distribution of the rarer 

 bases, hence a complete enumeration of the alkaloidal constituents of 

 each species of Cinchona cannot be given, and as regards the more impor- 

 tant alkaloids, much variation is met with in the quantities obtainable 

 from a particular variety of bark. 



(Qn. = Quinine ; Qad. = (Juhitilinf ; Cn. = Cinchonine ; 

 Cnd. = Cinchonidine.) 

 Cinchona atfiniis, Wedd, see C. micrantha (Ruiz and Pavon). 



„ Anglica, cross between C. calisaya and C. succirubra ; 

 Qn. 0-81, Cnd. 1-49, Cn. O'SS, Qnd. 0-29, amorphous 044. 

 Total, 3-91 per cent * 

 „ Angustifolia, R. and P., see C. lancifolia. 

 * Analysis of Madi-as Barks, by D. Hooper. 



Cinchona Australis, see C. nitida. 



„ CALISAYA (Yellow bark. Quinquina jaune royal), very rich in 

 c|niuine, as much as 11 per cent, having been found 

 (Mnens) ; also Cn., Cnd., Quinamine, etc. 



„ cordifolia (Hard Columbian bark), Qn., Cn. ; poor in alka- 

 loids (D. Hooper, 18IS8). 



,, excelsa, see Hymenodictyon. 



,, glandulifera, Qn. Unimportant. 



,, Josephiana. Low percentage of Qn. 



„ LANCIFOLIA, jMutis (Soft Columbian, Caqueta, Carthagene 

 ligneux) ; composition very various ; Qn. sometimes 

 absent, but frequently abundant. 



„ LEDGERIANA (Ledger bark), the richest probably of all ; 

 Qn. 0-48, Cn. 1-33, Cnd. 0-82, amorph. 0-88— total, 8-52.* 

 Larger quantities than these have been obtained — also 

 Quinamine. 



„ micrantha (Huanoco gray) ; no Qn., Cnd. 1-92, amorph. 0-4 — 

 total, 2-32.'' 



„ morada. See Pogonopus, below. 



„ negra. Qn. 5'48, Cn. 0"1, Cnd. O'OO, Qnd. trace, amorphous 

 0-78— total, 6-20.1 



,, nitida, K. and P. (C. scrobiculata, H. Baillon ; C. Australis, 

 Wedd ; Cascarilla Colorada, red Cuscobark, C. Peruviana, 

 Calisaya fibrosa : see Fliickiger) ; poor in alkaloid. Quin- 

 amine has been isolated amongst other bases. 



,, OFFICINALIS (Pale or Crown bark ; the chief varieties are 

 Condarainea, Bonplandiaua, and Crispa ; also Chahuar- 

 gueraand Uritusinga ; Quinquina grisde Loxa is obtained 

 from C. officinalis var. Crispa : see Baillon). Rich in 

 Qn. ; Qn. 4-74, Cnd. 1-2.3, Cn. O-IO, Qnd. 0-07, amor- 

 phous 0-42— total, (5-0().t 



„ pelletierana ; aricine, cusconine, etc. See No. 8 and onwards. 



„ Peruviana. See C. Nitida. 



„ ])itayensis, Wedd (Pitayo bark) ; rich in Qn. and Qnd. 



,. pombiana ; Qn. 4-41, Cnd. 034, Cn. 0-02, Qnd. trace, amorph. 

 0-26— total, 5-03.1 



„ pubescens ; poor in alkaloids (Fliickiger) or even devoid of 

 them (Hesse, 1871). 



* Analysis of Madras Barks, by D. Hooper. 



+ Analysis of New Grenada Barks, by D. Howard. 



