38 



DIOTIONAKY OK TllU ACTIVE PIUNCIPLF.S OK PLANTS. 



hexandra. Pale yellow powder; M.P. lUr or i;!()°; bitter; feebly 

 alkaline. 



Soluble in alcobol and ether, slightly in petroleum ether, scarcely in 

 water. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, yellowish green. 



(26) QUINOVIN O. (Chinovin, Esenbeckin), C3„HjsO„ (Gilm and Hlasi- 

 wetz). Amorphous, resinous powder, neutral reaciion, taste gradually 

 bitter; de.xtro-rotatory ( + 5'2-4° in alcoholic solution). Hydrochloric 

 acid gas decomposes with formation of Quinovic acid (27) and a sweet 

 substance, Quinovite. 



Soluble in alcohol, less easily in ether, in hot water, but scarcely in 

 cold ; also in chloroform and fatty or essential oils. 



Reactions : Soluble in alkaline hydrates, ammonia, lime water. 

 Insol. in alkaline carbonates. 



[No pp. lead acetate neutral or basic to alcoholic solution.] 

 Pp. by other metallic salts and by acids from alkaline solutions. 

 Fehling'.H solution, not reduced. 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid gradually dissolves, dark red. 

 ,, „ „ with sugar, red. 



., nitric acid, dissolves on warming, with decomjiosition 



and evolution of nitrous fumes. 



(26a) BETA- and ALPHA-QUINOVINS have been prepared and described 

 by Liebermann as distinct substances as follows : a = alpha-quinovin and 

 P the beta compound — a from cinchona bark, i3 from cuprea bark ; both 

 give glittering scales on adding water to the alcoholic solution. Isomeric ; 

 formula = C.„H^.p,,. Both dextro-rotatory ; «= +500°. >.S= +27-0°. 



Solubility : a, nearly 12 in alcohol (absolute), with difficulty iu ether, 

 chloroform, or benzene, and scarcely in water, hot or cold. /3 is insoluble 

 n ethyl acetate or absolute ether (distinction from «) ; /3 forms a 

 crystalline compound with 5 molecules of alcohol ; in most other respects 

 fi resembles a. 



Colour tests with (a) : Concentrated sulphuric acid, orange yellow with 

 evolution of carbon monoxide. Glacial acetic acid, pale blue. 



(27) QUINOVIC ACID. Obtainable from Quinovin, and occurring naturally. 

 C.jH^igOj. Crys. scales or needles ; dextro-rotatory; tasteless. 



Solubility very slight in alcohol, ether, chloroform, or glacial acetic 

 acid. Insoluble in water. 



Reactions : Salts with alkalies, crystalline. 

 Alkaline hydrates ) 



„ carbonates > dis.solve to frothy .solutions. 

 Ammonia ) 



Precipitated by acids from alkaline solutions. 



Copper sulphate pp. gradually with green coloration. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves unchanged (re-precipitated by 

 water). 



(28) CASCiRILLIN B. From China (Quina) nova, etc., and Ca.scjrilla 

 bark (Croton eluteria — Euplinrhiacnf) ; amorphous, resinous, neutral 

 reaction, bitter. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, scarcely in water. 



Removed by benzene from will solutions. 



[Not Precipitated by lead acetate neutral or basic nor by tannic acid] 



Colour tests : 



Concentiated suli)huric acid, blood-red (? reddish-brown, Dragen- 

 dorlf) ; nitric acid or nitre added to the solution after ten to fifteen 

 hours changes the reddish solution to bluish violet, then blood- 

 red ; compare morphine. 

 Nitric acid, reddish-violet. 

 Hydrochloric acid, violet. 



(29) COPALCHIN B. From Croton pseudoquina {Euji/iorljiaceii:). Amor- 

 phous, resinous, bitter. 



Soluble in alcohol and chloroform, ' partly ' in ether — hence pre- 

 sumably impure— scarcely in water. 

 Reactions : 



[Not precipitated by neutral lead acetate.] 

 Pp. by tannic acid. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, red. 



(30) LWNOIN B. From old Hnanocho bark. C,<,H.^N08 (C.,„H.<,08XHj ?). 

 Amorphous, brown, humoid. Yields ammonia when boiled with alkali. 



Soluble in alcohol. 



Reactions : Alkaline hydrates dissolve brown with evolution of 

 ammonia ; acids re-precipitate. 

 Lead acetate neutral ) flesh-coloured pp. 

 „ ,, basic 5 



(HI) CAUFOR.\IN B. (not the Californine from Lotus bark). From 

 China (Quina) Californica=Cascarilla riedeliana or possibly Buena 



