UICTIONAUV (IF THK ACTIVE PRINCIPLKS OF PLANTS. 



H9 



obtusifolia. Investigator: Winckler. Golden yellow, amorphous, neutral 

 reaction, bitter. 



Soluble ill water and alcohol ; not in ether. 

 [Not precipitated by Tannic acid. 

 Platinum ctildiuie. 

 Jlercuric chloride.] 



Concentrated Sulphuric acid, brownish red. 

 C.Vl) MORADEINE A. This, with the next substance, obtained by Arata 

 from Bolivian Cascaril]a = Quina niorada (Howardia, IKfrfrf., or Pogonopus 

 febrifugus, Benth.-llook.)^ Ruhia<f<r. Opaque prismatic crystals; M.P. 

 19'.)°-20(r. 



Soluble very readily in alcohol, ether, and chloroform ; slightly in water. 



(33) MORADIN, C.,iH,808 or C,„HijO,i. Fluorescent. Acts as a hydroxy- 

 qiiinone. 



(34) JAVANINE A. Obtained in 1877 by O. Hesse from the mixture of 

 'amorphous bases ' derived from Cinchona calisaya var. Javanica. 



Crys. rhombic plates from water ; soluble also in ether. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, intense yellow. 

 § 7'(. CNICUS benedictus (Centaurea calcitrapa) ; Cmivpositm. 

 CNICIN B., Cj^H-gOis. Crys. silky needles ; fusible, neutral, bitter ; 

 dextro-rotatory (l.'>0-()8°) : emetic and purgative. 



Soluble in ethyl and methyl alcohols (in all proportions), in chloro- 

 form and benzene, scarcely in ether or cold water, with difficulty in hot 

 water, and insoluble in essential oils. 



It is removed from iicul solutions by benzene or chloroform. 

 Precipitants : Basic lead acetate, partially (DragendorfE). 

 [Not gold chloride, and no reduction.] 

 [.Silver nitrate not reduced.] 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, red ; odour of benzoic acid on warming ; 



on adding water, violet ; then ammonia, yellow. 

 Fr<ihdt;'s solution, blood-red. 



§ 71. COCA (Erythroxylon Coca); Lii/lhrvxi/lareo, Brazil. 



(1) COCAINE A. (Benzoyl-muthyl ecgonine ; or, taking into account the 

 composition of Ecgonine, the full constitutional name becomes, Benzoyl- 

 methyl-tetrahydromethyl-pyridine/3-bydroxypropionic acid), CijH„,NOj. 

 Crystallizes in 4-G sided prisms ; M.P. 'J.S^, re-crystallizing on cooling ; 

 at higher temperature, partial sublimation with decomposition ; \sevo- 



rotatory (-15'8°); alkaline reaction, slightly bitter, succeeded by tem- 

 porary destruction of sense of taste and the local anaesthesia characteristic 

 of this alkaloid. Dilates the pupil. Readily decomposes into benzoic 

 acid, methyl alcohol, and Ecgonine. In the human system it is entirely 

 (or nearly entirely) destroyed ; Vitali has, however, found traces together 

 with Ecgonine in the urine. The hydrochloride is readily crystallizable. 

 Soluble in 7(14 parts cold water (easier hot, but liable to decompose), 

 in alcohol and benzene, very readily in ether ; also dissolved by the fol- 

 lowing when hot : chloroform, wood spirit, acetone, and petroleum ether ; 

 crystallization taking place on cooling. 



Precipitants of the salts (the hydrochloride was used ) : 



Alkaline hydrates ) PP' crystalline, or amorphous changing to 



carbonates i crystals. Insol. in excess. Ammonia less 



Ammonia \ 'i^^le to cause decomposition than fixed 



3 alkalies. 

 Alk. bicarbonate, pp. if concentrated. 

 [No pp., lead acetate.] 



'I'annic acid in acid .solution, white ; cloud at 1 in '25,000. 

 Picric acid, yellow. Gradually at 1 in 1,000. 



Platinum chloride, whitish yellow even at I in 12,500; cloud at 1 

 in 2.5,000. 'J'/ie cn/slala of the double salt are <if remarkable X «hape. 

 M.P. 80° (W.C. Howard). 

 Gold chloride, light yellow fern-like. Immediate pp. at 1 in 3,000 ; 



gradual at 1 in 12,."i00. Benzoic ac'd produced on warming. 

 Potassium ferrocyanide, pp. soluble in excess. 

 [Potassium ferricyanide reduced.] 

 Chromic acid (5 per cent.) gives pp. that is only permanent after 



aciilipralion irilh hi/drochloriv acid (characteristic). 

 [Potassium bichromate not unless concentrated ; but on addition of 



HCl a pp. See preceding test.J 

 Phospho-molybdic acid, yellowish-white at 1 in 12,500 ; cloud at 1 



in .'i0,000. 

 Phospho-tungstic acid, gelatinous ; sol. in ammonia. 

 lodo-potassic iodide, brown with black globules under the microscope 



(Vitali) ; pink at 1 in 7,.'iO0 ; cloud at 1 in 200,000. 

 Mercuric- potassic iodide, pp. even very dilute ; cloud at 1 in 1,000,000. 

 Mercuric chloride, white. 

 Iodine, brown. 



Stannous chloride (SnOo), white. 

 Potassium permanganate, violet. 



