DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



(()) COCAMINE A., C,9H.,;jN04 + iH,0 or C35H,„N,O,-H.,0 (Cocaic- 

 metbyl-ecgotiine ; the y-isatiMinl-cociine of Liebtrmann; Truxillirie, or 

 Ecsronine truxillate) ; amorphous; M.P. 80° (Hesse); liBVo rotatory 

 (-27'5° in alcohol, Lieberraann) ; neutral, bitter; verv poisonous and 

 not anaisthetic (Liebermann). Hesse describes its action as similar to 

 Cocaine. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone, and hot water ; 

 but with difficulty in cold water or petroleum ether. 



Precipitants (1^. = Liebermann) 



Alkaline hydrates) traces are 

 Ammonia j dissolved. 



Picric acid, yellow (L.). 

 [Ferric chloride, no coloration.] 

 Platinum chloride. 

 Gold chloride. 



Chromic acid. 



Mercuric chloride. 



Potassium permanganate, violet 



(L.). 

 Stannous chloride (L.). 



(7) HOMOCOCAMINE A., is the next higher homologue of the preceding 



= C„„H,5N04 or C,„H5„X,08. 



(8) BENZOYL-PSEUDO-TROPINE A., Ci5H,„N0o [from Java Coca leaves 

 (Hesse, Liebermann)]; crys. colourless lustious plates; M.P. 4S°-49° 

 (48°, Hesse ; 411°, Liebermann) ; optically inactive ; half as poisonous as 

 Cocaine. Hydrochloride verv soluble. Yields, on decompositiun, benzoic 

 acid and Pseudotropine. Platinum salt, pale yellow needles, sparingly 

 soluble in water (Hesse) ; amorphous (Liebermann). 



(8(1) PSEUDOTROPINE A., CgHiaXO (from above; see also Atropa (J) ; 

 deliquescent ]irisius from chloroform ; M.P. 108°. Platinum salt soluble 

 in water. Gold salt, M.P. 202°, Hesse (220°, Liebermann). 



(9) HYGRINE A., Ci,,Hi3N (?), Hesse. (Liebermann found two volatile 

 alkaloids, to which he gave the formulae CgHj^NO, B.P. 193°-.')°, and 

 C,4H2,NoO, not boiling without decomposition.) He^se suggests that 

 'Hygriue' is not a natural product, but due to decompositions. He 

 describes it as liquid with quinoliaic odour, alkaline reaction, burning 

 taste. (Poisonous, according to ^tockmaun.) The hydrochloride is 

 crystallizable. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, but with difficulty in water. 

 Alkaline hydrates cause milkines=, due to oily globules. 



§ 72. COCCULUS Indicus (Anamirta Coccnlus) ; Meiiixpermoceep. 



(a) PICROTOXIN B., C^U.^iOy, (Paterno) ; silky needles ; M.P. 19g°-20r ; 



41 



- 28'r) ; neutral re- 



caramel odour on heating ; la;vo-rotatory ([a]j = 

 action, very bitter, poisonous. 



Soluble in 150 parts cold water or 25 boiling, 3 parts alcrhol, 250 of 

 ether ; also in chloroform, amyl alcohol, petroleum ether, and acetic 

 acid. 



It is removed from acid solutions by ethfr, chloroform and aniyl 

 alcohol. 

 Keactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve ; acids 

 give pp. ; also CO.j if concen- 

 trated. 

 [Not pp. by lead acetate, neutral 



or basic] 

 But pp. by lead hydroxide free 

 from alkali (see after concen- 

 trated sulphuric acid). 

 [No pp. tannic acid. 

 „ picric acid. 

 „ ferric chloride. 

 „ platinum chloride.] 

 Colour tests : 



Conceutd. sulphuric acid, dissolves yellow | ^^^ p^^ precipitate 



,. with trace potass, b,- - ^^ be used 

 chromate, violet. ) ■' 



Nitre (three times weight of Picrotoxin taken) moistened with con- 

 centrated suljihuric acid, then soda in excess, vermilion (Langley's 

 reaction). 

 (h) PICROTOXININ B. (Barth's Picrotoxin), CisHj^Os (Pat€rno). A 

 derivative of the above. 



((■) PICROTOXID, C„H,sOc ; from Picrotoxinin by action of hydrochloric 

 acid gas, the elements of water being eliminated. 



(rl) COCCULIN (Anam\rtin (?), Hiisemann), C,s,H„eOi„ (Lowenhardt, 

 1884) ; crys. needles ; not bitter. 



Soluble with difficulty in hot water ; almost insoluble in cold water, 

 alcohol, or ether. 



(r) MENtSPERMINE A., C,„H.;jN„0„ (Pelletier and Couerbe) ; crys. prisms ; 

 M.P. 120° ; alkaline reaction ; not bitter. 



Soluble in alcohol, and in ether (which removes it from alkaline 

 solution), but not in water. 



[Nor gold chloride (slight reduc- 

 tion on warming). 

 ,, silver nitrate. 

 „ cupric sulphate]. 

 Fehling's solution is reduced. 

 [No pp. potassium ferricyanide. 

 „ sulpho-cyanide 

 phospho-molybdic acid, 

 iodo-potassic iodide, 

 mercuric chloride, 

 iodine, 

 barium salts, etc.] 



