DICTIONAUY OF Tllli ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



47 



Colour tests : Concentrated sulphuric acid gives a red solution from 

 wljicU water precipitates Cyclarairetin. 



(b) CYCLAMIRETIN, G.-dt-riv. (see above), CnH,„06 or CsHooO,. Amor- 

 phous, resinous ; M.P. IV'.S' ; tasteless, odourless ; very poi?ouous. 



Soluble iu alcohol, not in water. In ether, Hilger states it to be soluble, 

 but De L\ica insoluble. 



Precipitants : 



hilvir nitrate. | Febling's solution, pp. 



§ 86. CYTISUS laburnum, C. supinus, C. elongata. The seed ; about 

 3 per cent., Ulex Europoeus (Furze), about 0"2 per cent, of seed ; al-o in 

 hark atid green buds. Lriiaiiiiiwtuf. Investigators : A. W. Gerard, A. 

 Partheil. etc. 



CYTISINE, A. ( = Ulexine, A. Partheil) ; Ci,Hi,X„0 ; crystalline ; M.P. 

 154° (ir)2°-l.')3°, Partheil). When cautiously heated, gives crystalline sub- 

 limate. Ljevo-rotatory, [a]n= - ] 19"::!7. 'J'aste rather bitter and caustic. 

 Causes dilatation of the pupil ; powtrful base, displaces ammonia ; perma- 

 nent in air. Salts usually soluble in water and alcohol ; not easily 

 crystallizable except the nitrate. 



Soluble in nearly all proportions in water and alcohol, also dissolved 

 by amyl alcohol, but scarcely or not at all in ether, benzene, carbon bi- 

 sulphide, cold chloroform (?). (Partheil now states that the alkaloid is 

 readily solitlile in chloroform.) 

 Precipitants : 



Alkaline hydrates 1 



., carbonates :■ dissolve. 



Ammonia ) 



[Not pp. by basic lead acetate.] 



Tannic acid, pp. up to I in 300. Free base or alkaline solution. 



Picric acid, 1 in 1,000. 



Ferric cbloride, see colour tests. 



[Platinum chloride, not dilute, but yellow pp. in strong solutions.] 



(jri'ld chloride. 



[Not potass, chroraate.] 



Phospho-molybdic acid, 1 in 10,000, acid solutions. 



Phospho-tungstic acid, 1 in 30,000. 



lodo-potassic iodide, d.irk brown becoming crystalline, very dilute. 



[Cadmiura-pcitassic iodide, strong solution ?] 



Mercuric potassic iodide, 1 in .''i.OOO (the nitrate). 



[Mercuric chloride, pp. with free base but uot salts.] 



[No pp. chlorine water.] 

 Bromine water, orange yellow pp. 



Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, colourless. 



„ with potass. bichromate, yellowvs-browu 

 *wijr*^en. 

 „ „ with nitric acid, yellow. 



Ferric chloride, red coloration ; hydric peroxide added to this removes 

 colour, but a blue tint appears on warming, recognisable with 

 r'j milligramme. 

 § 87. DAMIANA (Turnera Aphrodisiaca). 



DAMIANIN B. (name suggested) ; amorphous, light brown, bitter sub- 

 stance ; free from nitrogen and non-gliiC'«idal. 



Soluble in water and alcohol. Insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene, 

 petroleum ether, or carbon bisulplidr. 



Not precipitated by lead acetate, neutral or basic, nor by other of the 

 usual reagents. 



§ 88. DAPHNE Mezereum (Mezereon bark), D. alpina ; Thi/meleo;. 

 Investigators : Vaur|uelin, A7111. Chim., 84, 174 ; Zwenger, Ann. Ch. Ph., 

 115, 1 ; Rochleder, Jul. Pract. Ch., 90, 442, and other.s. 



(a) DAPHNIN G., C,5H,60s,+-2H,0 (Zwenger), or CsoHjiOig (Rochleder)j 

 crys. in fine needles or rectatigular plates ; loses water at 100° ; M.P. 200°, 

 recrystallizing on cooling ; at higher temperatures a sublimate of Daph- 

 netin. Reaction neutial ; taste bitter and astringent. 



Soluble in hot water, hot alcohol, warm amyl alcohol, and warm acetic 

 acid, also in chloroform ; with difficulty in cold water or alcohol, and not 

 in ether. 



Removed by chloroform from acid solutions. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates | ^-^^^^^^ i,„^ 



„ carbonates ( •' 



? Pp. Lead acetate neutral, Dragendf. (not lead acet. neutral, Roch- 

 leder). 

 Pp. Lead acetate basic. 



Ferric chloride, a faint blue with concentrated solutions. 

 [Silver nitrate, no pp. ; slight reduction on warming.] 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid with nitric acid, red (yields oxalic acid). 

 Nitric acid, red. 

 (h) DAPHNE TIN G. - derivative [Dioxycoumarin ? (Stunkel)], 



