)1(;tionauy ok tiik active ritiNcii'i.KS ok plants. 



Soluble slightly in cold water, readily in chloroform, also in hot alcohol, 

 but siiariii^ly in amyl alcohol, ether, benzene or petroleum ether. 

 Precipitants : 



Alkaline hydrates. 



., carbonates. 

 Tannic acid, yellowish-gray flocculeut. 

 Picric acid, yellow flocculent. 

 Potassium bichromate, yellow crystalline, 

 lodo-potassio iodide, dark yellow amorphous. 

 Bismuth-potassic iodide, orange. 

 Cadmium-potassic iodide, white flocculent. 

 Meroiiric-potassic iodide, reddish-yellow. 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, pale yellow. 



„ „ with sugar, yellowish-greeu'vv.flesh colour 



■-vcherry red, finally dark violet after long exposure. 

 Nitre added to solution in sulphuric acid — dark reddish-yellow. 

 Nitric acid, yellow. 

 Hydrochloric acid, gradually brownish-green on warming-^^red on 



longer heating. Solution is fluorescent. 

 Potassic perchlorate and sulphuric acid— orange. 

 Frohde's reagent, greenish-yellow. 



^ 107. GARCINIA mangostana (Mangosteen) ; Guttiferce or Clusiacew. 

 The shells of the fruit. Investigator : VV. Schmid, Ann. Chem. Pharm., 

 93, 83, and P. 15. Liechti. 



(«) MANGOSTIN B., C.„H.,.j05 (Liechti) ; yellow crystalline plates ; M.P. 

 IDO" (17:V' Liechti), with sublimate; neutral reaction, tasteless, odourless. 

 Separable with difficulty from the resin accompanying it. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon bisulphide, glacial acetic 

 acid, and acetone ; not readily in benzene, and insoluble in water or 

 ijetroleum ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve 

 yellow. 



[No pp. neutral lead acetate.] 



Pp. b;isic le;id acetate. 

 Not precipitated by other metallic salts. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves yellowish-red. 

 Nitric acid decomposes with production of oxalic acid 



Ferric chloride, dark green to 



black coloration. 

 Platinum chloride, reduced. 

 Gold chloride, reduced. 



(/)) ISOMANGOSTIN (C.^jr.^O,,)" ; prepared from the preceding substance ; 

 dark brown amorphous. The alkaline alcoholic solution .shows green 

 fluorescence. 



S} 108. GARDENIA lucida (G. balsamifera, yielding Decamalee Gum) ; 

 Cincliiiii({i:e(f or ItnblaueiK. Investigators : Steuhouse and Grove, ./. Chem. 

 Hoc, 1877. 



GARDENIN B., CuH,.,0 ; dark yellow glittering crystals; M.P. 163°-164». 

 Soluble in alcohol, easily in ether, scarcely in water, and not in 

 petroleum ether. 



Reactions : Alkaline hydrates do not dissolve. 

 Concentnituil nitric acid, momentary crimson. 

 Hydrocbloiio acid, dissrjlves on warming. 

 § 109. GASTROLOBIUM bilobum ; Legumlnoxa: InTestigator : 

 Kummel, •/. Clm,,. Min., IsSU, 1,032. 



GASTROLOBIN G. ; saffron odour, hygroscopic. 

 Soluble in boiling water and boiling alcohol. 



§ 110. GENTIANA lutea (Gentian) ; GeK^io/mtc". The root. In- 

 vestigator : Kromayer, Arch. Phanii., [2], 110, 27, and others. 



(«) GENTIOPICRIN G. (not Gentianin), C..„H„0,.j-|-H.,0 ; crystals only 

 obtainable from fiesh root (4 gms. from lbs ) ; yellow, neutral, bitter; 

 ]M.P. (when anhydrous) 120-12.')° ; acids give Gentiogenin and sugar. 



Soluble in water, alcohol (^with difficulty if absolute), chloroform, 

 difficultly also in benzene, and sparingly in ether. 



It is removed from acid solutions by chloroform in part, by benzene 

 with difficulty, and in traces bj' ether. 

 Reactions : Absorbed by charcoal. 

 Alkaline hydrates dissolve yellow. 

 Ammonia, warm, dissolves yellow. 

 [Not precipitated by lead acetate, neutral.] 



Ammoniacal lead acetate, pp. (DragendorH) ; no pp. (Hiisemann) ? 

 [Ferric chloride, r.o change.] 



Silver nitrate ammoniacal, reduction and deposit of silver. 

 [Fehliug's .solution, not reduced.] 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves yellow on warming ; the alkaline 

 solution on treatment with sulphuric acid becomes first colourless, then 

 carmine on warming. 



(i) GENTIOGENIN G.-derivative ; from above by boiling with dilute 

 acids ; yellowish-brown amorphous powder (permanent) ; taste bitter ; 

 reaction neutral. 



