DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OP PLANTS. 



:a 



HELIOTROPINE A. (the Cynoglossine of Buchheim) ; rhombic crystals, 

 volatile, alkaline, bitter, poisonous. Salts become brown on e.xposure. 

 Soluble in water and ether. 

 Reactions : 



Allialies, oily pp. 



Precipitateil by rao<<t alkaloid reagents. 

 Coucentratud sulpliurio acid, yellow changing slowly to red. 

 j 121. HELLEBORUS niger, H. viride, H. fcetidus ; Ranunculwpa-. 

 (For White Hellebore, see Veratrum.) Investigators : Hii'iemann and 

 Marmi', Aim. Chem. Phann., 135, and others. 



(a) HELLEBOREIN G., C.„Hi40,5 (Hiisemana) ; crystallizes in fine needles 

 from alcohol ; semi-fusion at 2.S0° ; deliquescent, faintly acid reaction, 

 sweetish taste, poisonous. Acids give Helleboretin and 2 molecules 

 sugar. 



Soluble in watei-, alcohol (not as easily as in water), chloroform ; not 

 in ether. 



It is removed from acid solutions by chloroform, but not by benzene or 

 petroleum ether. 

 Reactions : 



[Alkaline hydrates, no effect.] 

 [No pp. basic lead acetate.] 

 Tannic acid, pp. 

 [No pp. or coloration Ferric 



chloride.] 

 [No pp. platinum chloride or 



cupric sulphate.] 

 Phospho-molybdic acid 1 

 ,, tungstic acid \ "P' 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, brownish-red with trace of violet. 

 (6) HELLEBORETIN G.-deriv., CyH._,„0,.| ; amorphous dark blue flocks, 

 drying to a gray powder ; no physiological action ; tasteless, neutral. 

 Soluble in alcohol (violet solution), scarcely in ether, not in water. 

 Concentrated .sulphuric acid, brownish-red. 



((•) HELLEBORIN G., C.,„Hj,_,Oo ? (Hilsemanu) ; found in traces only; 

 crystalline needles ; M.P. above 250° ; neutral reaction, burning taste 

 (when dissolved in alcohol). Partly converted by acids, and completely 

 by zinc chloride, into Helleboresin and sugar (one molecule). 



Soluble in hot water when in presence of Helleborein, also in alcohol 

 and chloroform, but with difficulty in cold water, ether, or fatty oils. 



Meta-tungstic acid, pp. 

 [No pp. iodo-potassic iodide. 



„ cadmium-potassic iodide. 



„ mercuric-potassic iodide. 



„ mercuric chloride. 

 Millon's reagent ( 

 Mercurous nitrate ) ""' 

 [No pp. other metallic salts.] 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, blood-red ; water precipitates white Hocks. 

 (</) HELLEBORESIN G.-deviv., CMHsgOj (?) ; amorphous grayish powder ; 

 softens ai 140' ; neutral, tasteless. 



Soluble in alcohol, scarcely in ether, not in water. 



§ 122. HUMULUS Lupulus (Hop) ; Cannahinacea'. The cones, and in 

 particular the Lupulinie granules. Investigators, very numerous ; men- 

 tion may be made of Ives (1821), Payen and Chevalier, Personne, 

 Doebereiner, Lermer, Etti, Issleib, Bungener, Lintner, Gresholf, Hay- 

 duck. Notwithstanding so many investigations, there is still uncertainty 

 as to the bitter principles of the hop. (I have given a short c^'.sHme in my 

 paper on ' Hops and Bitter Principles,' published by the Science Society 

 of the City of London College, reprinted in other periodicals, including 

 the AUgi'rneine Bniuei: u. Hop/en Ze/tiiiig, Nuremberg.) 



The following embodies the results of the most recent researches (those 

 of the last four chemists enumerated above) : 



(1) LUPULINIC ACID (Hop-bitter Acid. Hopfenbittersiiure, Lermer's 

 bitter principle); crystalline; M.P. 56°; free from nitrogen; per- 

 centage composition, C 67H0 to 6'J, H H to H-7 (Lintner and Bungener) ; 

 acid reaction, bitter (in alcohol). 



Soluble in alcohol and ether, not in water. 



Lintner and Bungener have separated this substance from the Alpha- 

 resin of Hayduck, and the latter finds that it yields substances resembling 

 the Alpha- and Beta-resins on oxidation. 



(2) ALPHA-RESIN (Hayduck's) ; soft tenacious, light reddish-brown, 

 almost odourless, intensely bitter, feebly acid in character. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, slightly in water. 

 Removed from acid solutions by immiscible solvents. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve with a darkening of colour. 



Lead acetate neutral, alcoholic solution, yellow pp.. soluble in e.xcess. 



„ „ ,, aqueous ,, white pp. 



Ferric chloride (aqueous), brown pp. 



Copper acetate (alcoholic), green pp., supernatant fluid green; the 

 co])per compound is soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, 

 and to some extent in petroleum ether. 

 Copper acetate (aqueous), bluish -white pp. ; on shaking with ether, the 

 latter is coloured green. 



(3) BETA-RESIN (Hayduck's) ; closely resembles the preceding, but is 



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