DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



63 



teid were obtained : Asparagine (the principal product), Phenyl-amido- 

 propionic and Amido-valerianic acids, Leucine, Tyrosine, Xanthine, Hypo- 

 xanlhine. Lecithin, Arganine. 



(a) LUPININ G. (Lupiniin ; not the alkaloid Lupinine, Baumert), 

 CjjHa^Oifi'TH^O (Schulze and Barbieri) ; crystallizes in yellowish-white 

 needles ; bitter taste and fruity odour. Acids, and even boiling water 

 alone, convert to sugar and Lii/i/i/en/ii, which is partly sublimable. 



Soluble with difficulty in water or alcohol. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates I J- , ■, • -j. i. 



, ■ •' dissolve ; acids reprecipitate. 



Ammonia i ' ' 



Precipitated by basic lead acetate. 



{Ii) iyP//V/D//V£ A., CgHjsN; pale yellow, heavy oily, alkaline ; jjungent, 



bitter. 



Soluble in water and alcohol ; with difficulty in ether. 



(c) LUPININE A., C..,Hj„N.,0„ (Liebscher, Ber. landwirlhs. Inst. Halle, 

 1880) ; rhombic crystals ; M.P: 67-80° ; B.P. 257°-8° ; volatile in steam, 

 Irevo-rotatory, apple-like odour, alkaline reaction, bitter. 



Soluble in cold water {lexa noluhle trann), in alcohol, ether, chloroform, 

 benzene, petroleum ether ; dissolved, but decomposed, by carbon bisul- 

 phide. 



Precipitated by alkalies (concentrated solution). 



((/) LUPANINE A., CsHo.N.O (Hagen and C. Siebert) ; light yellow 

 syrupy liquid, even at — 16^ C. ; non-volatile ; does not boil even at 2110° C. ; 

 fluorescent, green ; intensely bitter and powerfully alkaline. Liberates 

 ammonia and gives cloud with hydrochloric acid vapour. Unchanged by 

 boiling potash solution, or by hydrochloric acid at 200° C. 



Soluble in cold water, nearly all precipitated on warming (Siebert found 

 it to be freely soluble ; dissolved also by ether and chloroform, but only 

 difficultly by alcohol. 



Removed from alkaline solutions by ether. 

 Precipitants : 



Lead acetate neutral, if concentrated ; after precipitation it is diffi- 

 cultly soluble even dilute. 

 Tannic acid, white. 



Gold chloride, yellow ; sol. on warming, crystallizing out when cold. 

 Iodine, brownish-red. 

 (e) /4/fG//V/iVf, decomposition product of proteid (see under plant-heading 



above), CeHijNjOj. Urea is obtained on boiling with Baryta water 

 (saturated solution). 



[Not precipitated by tannic acid nor lead acetate.] 



Picric acid, gold needles ; sol. hot water. 



Precipitated al.so by phospho-tungstic acid. 



§ 1-4.'). LYCOPODIUM complanatum ; Li/cojiodiwea;. Investigator: 

 Boedecker, Ami. Chi in. Ph., 208, 203, substance (a), L. saururus (Pili- 

 ganum), (//). 



(«) LYCOPODINE A., C3.>H5„N„03 ; crystallizes in clino-rhombic ])risms ; 

 M.P. 114'-ll.'i°; alkaline,' bitter. 



Soluble in water, more readily in chloroform or benzene ; also in 

 alcohol, ether, and amyl alcohol. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, resinous pp. if concentrated. 

 [Not precipitated by neutral lead acetate.] 

 Iodine SDlution, brown cloud. 



(h) PILIGANINE A. (Amyl-nicotine ? Arata), CisHoiN^O or 

 CidHijNj'OCjHi, ; light yellow, amorphous, alkaline reaction, disagreeable 

 odour, poisonous ; gives Nicotine (?) on distillation in current of 

 hydrogen. Salts mostly crystalline. 



Soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform ; with difficulty in ether. 

 Precipitants : Alkaline hydrates. 

 [Not lead acetate, neutral or basic] 

 Tannic acid, white. 

 Ferric chloride, reddish pp. 



[Not platinum chloride ; the Pt. salt is very soluble.] 

 Gold chloride, yellow ; altered by light. 

 Potassium ferricyanide, greenish. 

 Potassium bichromate, yellow. 

 Phospho-molybdic acid, whitish-yellow, 

 lodo-potassic iodide, light brown. 

 Merciiric-potassic iodide, white. 

 Bromine water / ,, 

 Iodine tincture ) •' 

 § 146. LYCOPUS EuropaBUs, L. ; Lai/a^o. The leaves. Investigator: 

 Geiger, Re/iert. Ph., 15, 11. 



L YCOPIN B. : amorphous, bitter, odourless. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, in 500 parts water, and in warm acetic acid. 



