DICTIONARY OP THE ACTIVE PIUNCII'LES OF I'l.ANTS. 



obtained only 1 part from 30,000 of Opium ; and Kauder {Arch. Phann., 

 22S, 41',l) found the following proportions of the rare alkaloids : Crypto- 

 ])iiie 70, Laudaniue'iO, ProtopineB^, Tritopine'2, to 1 part of Laudanosine. 



By the ' Riitish Pbarmacopaiia' Opium is required to assaj' 'JA to lOi 

 per cent, of Morphine, calculated on the dried Opium. 



In addition to alkaloidal substance?, Opium contains : Acetic, lactic 

 (Ij per cent,), meconic (4 per cent.) acids, meconin, gum, pectin, sugar, 

 humoid matters, resin, caoutchouc, albuminoids, water (10 to 30 per cent.), 

 and the usual inorganic salts. 



Papaver rhceas (Red Poppy) contains Rheadine. Argemone Mexicana 

 (Prickly Poppy) and Eschscholtzia Californtca (Paparei'acea-) have been 

 found to contain Morphine ; and Chelidonium, as well as Sanguiuaria — Pro- 

 topine. For other alkaloids of the Papacfracen', see Chelidonium group ; 

 for Berberine, found in some members of the order, see Berberis group. 



The alkaloids, etc., here described appear in the following order : 



(1) MORPHINE. 

 ("in) Apomorphine. 

 {'Ill) Pseiidomorphine. 



(3) NARCOTINE. 



(.")(() Hydroootarnine. 



(3i) Cotariiine. 



(3c) Tarconine. 



(3rf) Nartinio Acid. 



(3e) Cupronine. 



(3/) Tarnine. 



(3,7) Cuprine. 



(3//) Dibromapophylline. 



(3/) Apophyllic Acid. 



(4) PAPAVERINE. 

 (,')(() Papaveramine. 

 (0) CODEINE. 



(la) Codenine. 

 (8) THEBAINE. 

 ([hi) Thebaicine. 

 l'.)h) Thebenine. 



(10) NARCEINE. 

 (Ill Rheadine. 

 (\i) Oxynarcotine. 



(13) Gnoscopine. 



(14) Codamine 



(15) Meconidine. 

 (If)) Lanthopine. 



(17) Oryptopine. 



(18) Laudanine. 



(19) Protopine. 



(20) Tritopine. 



(21) Laudanosine. 



Nnn-hasic Suh&tances ; 



(22) Meconin. 



(23) Pseudomeconin. 



(24) Meconic Acid. 



(25) Meconoisin. 

 (20) Opionin. 



(1) MO/?P////Vf A. (Morphia), Ci7TI|,X03+H20 ; crystallizes in rhombic 

 prisms ; M.P. about 230°, with partial decomposition ; liEvo-rotatory, 

 alkaline, bitter. Fluorescent in sulphuric acid solution. 



Solubility varies greatly with the physical condition ; very slightly 



soluble in cold water (1 in 33,333 at 3°, Chastaing), 1 in 400 to r,i)0 boil- 

 ing ; alcohol, 1 in 40 cold, 1 in 30 boiling ; chloroform, 1 in 175 if ordinary 

 chloroform, or 1 in 10,000 if free from alcohol (Prescott, ./. C/iem. .S'«.-., 

 22, 405, gives 1 in 4,37'J, 1,1)77 andsijl for the crystallized, amorphous and 

 freshly liberated or ' nascent ' Morphine respectively) ; cold amyl alcohol, 

 1 in 400, Van der Burg (Prescott's figure 1)1 for both crystallized and 

 ' nascent'), easier warm ; acetic ether, 1 in 500, Van der Burg ; scarcely in 

 petroleum ether, benzene, or ether (Prescott's figures for the latter, 6,148, 

 2,112, 1,0G2 for the three conditions). 



In consequence of its limited solubility in the usual solvents, special 

 methods have to be employed to remove it from an aqueous mixture ; 

 this may be most conveniently effected by warming the acid/jied solution, 

 adding warm amyl alcohol, and then, after alkalizing with ammonia, the 

 Morijhine thus freshly liberated will be taken up by the warm amyl 

 alcohol. 



Minute quantities are removable by ether (this affords a means of 

 separation from Urea, which is soluble in amyl alcohol, but not in ether). 



Precipitants : 



Alkaline hydrates | 



Ammonia pp. soluble in excess. 



Lime-water ) 



Alkaline carbonates, soluble in excess, but not as readily as above. 

 ., bicarbonate, not soluble in excess. The precipitates become 



crystalline. 



[Not lead acetate.] 



[Not Tannic acid, cloud at 1 in 1,00().J 



Picric acid, 1 in 100. 



[Ferric chloride neutral solution, blue coloration 1 in 5,000, de- 

 stroyed by acid or alcohol.] 



Platinum chloride, 1 in 100 ; or after 24 hours 1 in :i,000. 



(iold chloride, 1 in 3,000 at once. 



Silver nitrate, red coloration ; 1 in 1,000 after 15 minutes. 



[Potassium ferrocyanide, not 1 in 100.] 



[Potassium ferricyanide, reduced ; no pp. 1 in I'lO except after stand- 

 ing, Plugge.] 



Potass, suljihooyanide, white crystalline ; not 1 in loO. 

 ,, cyanide, pp. ; cloud at 1 in 5,000. 



Silver potassic cyanide, a crystalline deposit after some hours. 



Potass, chromate, the pp. contains free M. and M. chromate. 



