niCTlONAKY or THE ACTIVE rKINCHM.ES OF PLANTS. 



PANAQUILON 1?., C„,H.,-,0,,. Yellow, amorpbous, fusible; with bitter- 

 sweet tllsto. 



Soluble in water and alcohol, uot in ether. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve brown. 

 Tannic acid, pp. 

 [No pp. platinum chloride.] 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, purplish-red ; water precipitates from the 

 solution a substance Paimcon. 



PAP AVER, see Opium. 



S 111-. PAPAYA (Carica papaya) ; Passij/iiriiur or Papa ijaced: The 

 finit. Investigators : Wiirtz, Peckholt, Greshoff, and others. 



Besides (a) below, the two alkaloids Caricine and Papaine have been 

 found. 



The jirinciple which gives to Papaya such e.xtraordinary powers of 

 dissolving fibrin, is a soluble nitrogenous ferment (Papain or Papayotin), 

 yielding precipitates with the following (which include the usual 

 reagents for albuminoids), viz., hydrochloric, nitric, and meta-phosphoric 

 acids, ferrocyanide of potassium with acetic acid, mercuric chloride 

 (slight), tannic and picric acids, platinum chloride, Millon's solution, and 

 I upric sulphate (the latter on boiling only). 



From the young leaves, Greshoff has e.stracted 0'2J per cent, of a 

 base he calls 



(ii) CARPAINE A., crystalline; M.P. 115°, part sublimes without deenm- 

 pii^ition ; extremely bitter (perceptible 1 in 100,000), not very poisonous 

 (Mcts on heart). 



Soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether ; easier soluble in the latter 

 solvent when freshly precipitated than in the crystalline condition ; dis- 

 solved in traces by water. 



Not removed from acid solutions by ether or chloroform. 

 Precipitants : 



Alkaline hydrates, insoluble in e.xcess. 



Sodium carbonate. 



Tannic acid. 



Picric acid, limit 1 in 30,OUO. 



(rold chloride, limit 1 in 2f),000. 



Potassium sulphocyauide. 



Phospho-molybdic acid, limit 1 in 75,000. 



Mercuric-potassic iodide J ,j„^;^ , ;,^ ...j, „^, 



Iodine solution ) ' 



Colour tests ( negative) : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid j 



Concentrated sulphuric acid with nitric acid ' , 



--, » . J ■. • ■ 1 /no colours. 



Concentrated nunc acid I 



Acids generally ) 



§ 1 (i8. PAREIRA brava ( Botryopsis platyphylla ; not Cissampelos 

 pareiraas usually stated = Geissospermnra ); Meiii^iieruiai:ei''. Alkaloid (a). 

 Both contain also Pelosine= Beheerine (see Bebeeru). 



Pau-Pareira, Apai-i/iiaceir. alkaloid (b). 



(a) GEISSOSPERMINE A. (Hesse's Geissospermine), C,sH„,y.,0„+H„O. 

 Crystallizes in small prisms; M.P. IGO'; lajvo-rotatory [a] D = — 93'37. 

 The hydrochloride is amorphous, but crystalline salts are formed with 

 sulphuric and oxalic acids. 



Soluble in hot alcohol (difficultly cold), also in benzene and chloro- 

 form ; not in water or ether. 



Ktmnved by benzene or chloroform from acid solution, and by amyl 

 alcnliol from an alkaline infusion. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates \ . , 



carbonates ,■ 

 . ■ 1 line pp. 



Ammonia ' ^ 



Ferric chloride, blue coloration. 

 Colour tests : 



Concentiated sulphuric acid, colourles 



colourless. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid with 



Strychnine. 

 Concentrated nitric acid, purple. 

 Friibde's solution, persistent dark blue. 

 (//) P/t/ff/ff//Vf A.(Pereirine), C,,,H.,,N„0 ? Gr.ayish amorphous piwder; 

 M.P. \-2v : salts very soluble. 



Soluble iu alcohol, ether, chloroform, and with difficulty in water. 

 Removed fr«ji alkaline solutions by chloroform, benzene and petro- 

 leum ether. 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, violet. 



Concentrated nitric acid, blojd-red, but not blue with staaniiQ? 

 chloride, as Brucine. 



Platinum chloride, yellow amor- 



])hous pp. 

 Gold chloride, deep red colora- 



titm. 



changing to blue, then a;^ain 

 potassium bichromate, as 



