DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE riUNCll'l.ES OF PLANTS. 



^ lli4. PARIS quadrifolia L. ; Lilidi-eir. Investigators : Walz, Delffs, 

 sto Jahvh. Pliunii., vols. 4 to ('i, N. Jahrh. rhann., vols. 'J and 1.3. 



(a) PARIDIN G., C|,.H,,0- (Delff.«). Crystallizes in silky needles con- 

 taining water ; neutral reaction, pungent taste. Acids convert to Paridol 

 and sugar. 



Soluble in .lO parts alcohol of 94 per cent. ; scarcely in ether ; diffi- 

 cultly (V) in water. (Though Walz so describes its solubility in water, 

 Deltts separates it from Paristyphnin by its readier solution in that fluid.) 



(h) PARISTYPHNIN a., C.„H„,0,s ; yellowish- white amorphous; bitter. 

 Tonverted by acids into sugar and Parklln, the latter again undergoing 

 chiinae, see (o), into Paridol and sugar. 

 Soluble in water and alcohol, not in ether. 

 Reactions : 

 Alkaline hydrates, dissolve yellow. 

 Ammcmia di.ssolves. 

 Tannic acid, precipitates. 



?■ ll'i.'i. PARHELIA ceratophylla (P. physodes) ; Lkhenrs. Investi- 

 gators: O.Hesse, Ann. Chein. Pliar7n., 112, 3(\o ; GerAiug, Archie. Plmrm. 

 [2], 87, 1. Mem. : P. parietina contains chrysophanic acid. 



(c] CERATOPHYLLIN. Prismatic crystals ; M.P. 147°, with sublimate ; 

 neutral reaction, burning taste. Hydrochloric acid ])recipitates from 

 solution. 



Soluble in boiling water (scarcely cold), also in alcohol and ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve when hot, (a) separating on cooling. 



Lime water I t . 

 . . dissolve. 



Ammonia ) 



[No pp. alcoholic lead acetate.] 



Ferric chloride, purplish-violot coloration. 



[Silver nitrate, no reaction.] 



Chloride of lime to the alcoholic solution, blood-red. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves unchanged. 



Concentrated nitric acid, dissolves slightly yellow. 

 (h\ PHYSODIN. Crystallizes in microscopic pillars ; MP. I'io^ ; neutral 

 reactions. 



Soluble in ether and hot alcohol. 



Reactions : [ 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve, 3'ellow, changing to red. I 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, violet solution from which water pre- 

 cipitates bluish-violet flocks. 



§ UV,. PASTINACA sativa (Parsnip); Umhelli/rnr ; substances (a) 

 and (0), the latter also in Heracieum. Investigators : Wittstein, Repert. 

 Pluinii., 68, IT) : Gutzeit. P.rih-rtfjr ::. Pflan~eii,-hem'ie, 1879. 



(ii) PASTINACINE A. Volatile liquid with di.'^agreeable odour; sharp 

 taste and alkaline reaction. Sulphate crystalline. 



(/<) HERACLIN B., C.,,_,H,.,0,„ ; M.P. 1S5 . 



Soluble in chloroform but not in water. 



S l<i7. PAULLINIA pinnata ; Scip/iidaceir (for P. sorbilis containing 

 Caffeine, see Thea group). Investigator: Martin, Bull. Gni. dc Thimp. 



TIMBONINE A. Poisonous. Sulphate crystalline. 



§ IfiW. PAYTA bark ('White Payta (piinine bark,' from a species of 

 Aspidosperma ; compare Quebracho ba-k) ; Apocynacea: Investigator : 

 He-sse, Ami. Chem. Phann., vols. I.'i4, lOti, 178, 211, 249. 



(u) PAYTINE A., C„,H.,4N,0 + H.,0 ; prismatic crystals ; M.P. l.oG= (loses 

 water at 130°) ; Isevo-rotatory [a] D= — 4iVr). Salts crystalline. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, petroleum ether, with 

 difficulty in water. 



Removed from alkaline solution by ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates Ij- , , , 

 . . •' /dissolve slowly. 



Ammonia / •' 



Platinum chloride, dark yellow pp. (dark red on warming). 



[Gold chloride, reduced.] 



Potassic iodide, pp. 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated nitric acid gives a colourless solution changing to red. 



Perchloric acid, fuchsine-red on beating. 



Chloride of lime, dark red, then blue. 

 (h) PAYTAMINE A., C^.iHojX.jO (isomeric with Pay tine) ; amorphous, as 

 are the salts. 



Soluble in ether. 

 Reactions : 



Platinum chloride, pp. 



[Gold chloride, reduced.] 



Potassic iodide, pp. 



Perchloric acid, fuchsine-red on boiling. 



