DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE I'KINCl I'LICS Or l'l,ANT> 



§ liK». PEritOSELIMLTM sitiyaai (Apiiim petroselinum, Parsley); 

 U'nihellif^riv.. la smill quintity als3 iu A Graveoleas (Celery). 



(a) APIIN Gr., Cj;H_._,0| i (v. Gjrichtai). Crystillizs? ia fiae needles from 

 alcohol, but usually ainirplious ; M.P iii", leiriag glassy mass on cool- 

 iti| ; dastro-rotatory in alkiUne solutioa, [a] J=-f-173^; neutral, taste- 

 less. Warmed with 4i) times its weight of liydroohloric aoid, sp. gr. 1'04, 

 it ^ives A-iigeuin, anl 41 to 4') per cent, of glucose. 



Soluble in hot water, formiug a jelly oa coiling (even 1 in 1,500), also 

 in :> Ml parts cold alcohol, more readily boiling, gelitinizing as solution 

 cools ; not in ether. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates "J 



„ carbonates > dissolve ; acids reprecipitate. 



Ammonia J 



Ferric chloride, dark-red coloration. 

 Ferrous sulphate, deep blood-red on warming. 



(/;) APIGiNIN a -derivative, frjmprj33ling ; CiJI i„0.-, ; M.P. 2'.t2°-21t5°. 

 Properties similar to those of Apiin. 



§ 170. PHILLYRE.'^ latifolia, Ph. angustifolia and Ph. media ; 

 Oh'vir. The bark. Investigators: Bartagnini and De Luca, Coinpf. 

 Urn I., 51, -lOS, also Ann. C'/iem. Phann., vols. "24 and 92. 



(,i) PHILLYRIN G.,C„jn.,iOii + lhB.O; silvery crystalline scale.s ; M.P. 

 li)0 (when anhydrous) ; at first tasteless, then a gradually perceptible 

 bitterness: odourless. Acids convert to Phillygenin and glucose. 



Soluble in 1,:>00 parts water at 9° C, or 40 parts alcohol at same tem- 

 perature ; more readily in either solvent boiling, also in wai'm glacial 

 acetic acid, scarcely in ether ; insoluble in oils. 



Reactions (negative) : 



Alkaline hydrates i ,■ • i i i 



, . •' no action, insoluble. 



Ammonia I ' 



No pp. metallic salts ^Bertagnini). 



[Fehling's solution not reduced until after inversion of the Phillyrin.] 



Colour Tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, reddish-violet. 



Nitric acid, decomposes. 



Dilute hydrochloric acid, produces yellow cr\stalline substance and 



oxalic acid. 



(/<) PHILLYGENIN G.-derivative, C.,iU..iO„ ; pearly crystals (from ether) ; 

 fusible. 



Soluble in alcohol less readily than Phillyrin, also in ether, but 



scarcely in water. 



Alkaline hydrates ) j- . 

 , ■ ■' > dissolve. 



Ammonia ) 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, red. 



Nitric acid, active decomposition. 



; 171. PHYLLANTHUS Niuri, K:qih<,rbh,-f,i'. .Java. Investigator: 

 M.' Ottow. 



PHYLLANTHINB., C^^H^^O^. Crystallizes in needles, volatilizes at 21111 C; 

 intensely bitter, jioisonous. 



Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, petroleum ether, and 

 glacial acetic acid : slightlj' in water. 



§172. PHYSALIS Alkekengi (Winter Cherry; ; .s'//((«(aw. Investi- 

 gators ; Dessaignes and Chautard, Jotint. Pliarnt. [3], 21, 24. 



PHYSALIN B., CijHisO, ; amorphous: semi-fluid on heating to IHO' C. : 

 bitter taste ; becomes electrified on rubbing. 



Soluble in alcohol and chloroform, with difficulty in water or ether. 



Removed from aqueous solution by chloroform. 



Reactions : 



Aiiniionia dissolves. 



Lead acetate, basic, gives yellow pp. =C,4tIi,PbO.-,'Pb;0. 



§ 17:!. PILOCARPIUSpinnatifolins(Jaborandi) ; Uutaan. Alkaloids, 



(rt), (i), (' ), etc. ; Piper reticulatum (false Jaborandi), alkaloids (<■), {d). 

 Investigators : Hardy and Calmels. 



(a) PILOCARPINE A. (Pyridine - methvl - betaine), CHisN.O.. or 

 (C5HjXCH,) = C = [CO-OX(CH3)3] ; cryktallizable with difficulty; 

 dextro-rotatory [a]D = +103" in alcoholic solution. Gives Jaborine, (c), 

 on heating with acid. 



Soluble in water (easily), and in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene. 

 Removed from alkaline solution by immiscible solvents. 

 Precipitated by most alkaloid reagents, including gold chloride [see (6j] 

 and phospho-tungstic acid. 

 [Not by sodium acetate, etc. (compare Opium).] 

 [Not by potassium ferrocyanide, the salt being readily soluble, 

 nor by 5 per cent, chromic acid.] 



