IIRTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, colourless. 



„ „ „ with sugar, no effect. 



„ „ „ with potass, bichromate, green. 



,, nitric acid in large e.vcess, converts to Jaborandine, (e). 



i7/ PILOCARPIDINE A. (from(n1 by 1^ hours' boiling with Baryta, and natur- 

 ally in Jalorandi leaves), C,(,H;^XAor(C,,H4X-CH;,)C[C06H-N(CH;,),] ; 

 deli(|uei-cent. Separated from (a) by readier solubility of the nitrate of 

 Pilncirpidiue. 



Soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform (very readily), amyl alcohol and 

 acetic ether ; with difficulty in ether or benzene, and not in ]ietroleum 

 ether. 



[Xot precipitated by gold chloride.] 



Pbospho-lungstic acid, white pp., dissolved by washing with water. 



{•■) JABORINE A. (from Jaboraudi and Piper reticulatum, and from 

 Pilocarpine), C....H3..X40i or 



I ^1 



C,HjX-CH.,):C:[C0-0N(CH:,)3][N(CHj),0C0]:C:(CH,-C,HjX); 



I ''__\ 



amorphous, non-volatile, alkaline reaction, very poisonous. 



Soluble in ether, also iu alcohol and water, but with less facility than 

 Pilocarpine. 



Precipitated by ammonia. 



{>/) JABORIDINE A. (Jaborandine V), C,„H]„X„03 ; from Piper reticu- 

 latum, and from Pilocarpine by oxidation ; crystalline. 



Soluble in amyl alcohol and benzene ; with difficulty in ether or dilute 

 acids. 



(f) JABONINE A., C.Hi.X, or (C,H4XCH3)CH-X(CH:,),; volatile. 



§ 174. PIMPINELLA saxifraga ; Umhelllfrirc. Investigator: Buch- 

 heim, Archie. Pathol., 1S72. 



PIMPINELLIN B., percentage composition, C (;:)'48, H 4'()7 ; nitrogen 

 fne : crystallizes in needles ; M.P. 37°. 



Soluble in alcohol, with difficulty in ether, scarcely in petroleum ether, 

 not in water. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves red. 



§ 17.'i. PINUS sylvestris and other of the Conifera'. Glucoside (a), 

 which has been found also in asparagus and beetroot ; {h) has been 

 obtained from P. sylvestris and Thuya Oocidentalis (Kawalier, Wieit 



.(4 Z-nrf. iJf;'.), and from the leaves of the latter the glucoside (r) — (inly a 

 gramme or so from a cwt. 



((() CONIFERIN a. (Larioin, Abietin), Cj(.H.„08+2H20 : silky needles; 

 M.P. IS.'J^ ; lasvo-rotatory. On hydrolysis, sugar and a substance C,„H|,0., 

 is obtained, s(4uble in ether, difficultly in alcohol, not in water. With 

 sodium amalgam, the solution being kept weakly alkaline, Eugenol is 

 formed (couiferyl alcohol being an intermediate product). 



Solubility, 1 in 1'.I6 cold water, freely warm ; with difficulty in alcohol ; 

 not in ether. 



[Xot precipitated by lead acetate, neutral or basic, 

 nor ferric chloride.] 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, violet-blue. 



,, „ „ with potassium bichromate, gives rise to 



slow formation of Vanillin. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid (2 drops), gives fine blue with one drop of 

 a solution prepared as follows : To alcoholic thymol, water is added as 

 long as clear, then potassium chlorate ; let stand and afterwards filter. 

 (A test for Coniferin in wood cells, and an indirect test for wood cell). 



Hydrochloric acid and phenol, blue. 



(h) PINIPICRIN G., CBssO,,; hygroscopic yellow crystals; M.P. 100° 

 (softens at 56'") ; bitter'' On hydrolysis, Ericinol, CjoHniO, and two mole- 

 cules of sugar are formed. 



Soluble in water, alcohol, and aqueous ether, but not in absolute ether. 



X'ot precipitated by lead acetate, neutral or basic. 



(f) THUYIN G. (Thujin), C„„H..0,2 ; yellow microscopic four-sided 

 plates; astringent taste. Acids'give Thuyigenin, ((/), and glucose. 



Soluble in alcohol and hot water, scarcely in the latter cold. 



Reactions : 



Alkaliue hydrates give yellow solutions, turning brownish-red. 



Lead acetate, neutral and basic, yellow p|). 



Ferric chloiide, dark green coloration. 

 ((/) THUYIGENIN G. -derivative, ChHj.O- ; crystallizes in microscopic 

 needles. Acids convert to Thuyetiu, Ci^HijOg (taking up H„0) ; see (c). 

 Soluble in alcohol, with difficulty in water. 

 Ammonia gives bluish-green coloration. 



Precipitated by basic lead acetate (not by the neutral salt). 

 ((■) THUYETIN, C,jH,j0j (from Thuyigenin, possibly identical with 

 Quercetin); yellow crystals. 



