DICTIONARV or THE ACTIVIC ritl Ml ['MCS (iV IM.ANTS. 



HI 



Lead acetate, ntutral, a slight pp. iu strong solutions, disappearing on 



dilution. 

 Lead acetate, basic, pp. 

 Gold chloride, reduced. 

 Silver nitrate, slowly reduced. 

 Fehliug's solution, reduced. 

 [Kot precipitated by other metallic salts.] 

 Concentrated nitric acid o.xidizes with formation of some picric acid. 



§ l'.t4. ROTTLERIA tinctoria (Mallotus Philipinensis) ; Euphorhiacem. 

 The dye, ' Kaniala dye.' Investigator : Anderson, hdhih. N. Phil. Jnh, 

 new series, 1, 3U0. 



ROTTLERIN B., C,,H,„0„ ; yellow fusible crystals. 



Soluble in watei-, hot alcohol (difficultly cold), and in ether. 



Alkaline hjdratts give deep red solutions. 



[Not precipitated by lead acetate in alcoholic solution.] 



8 1!I5. RUBUS villosus ; Rosarete .- N. America. The root. Investi- 

 gator : G. A, Krause. 



(a) VILLOSING.: M.P. 173''-17:)^; bitter in alcoholic solution. On pro- 

 longed boiling in water alone, or more readily with dilute acid, glucose 

 and Villo?ic acid, (i), are produced. 



Soluble in methyl, ethyl and am3l alcohols, with difficulty iu water, 

 scarcely in ether, not in chloroform. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve with gradual production of lemon colora- 

 tion. 

 Lead acetate, basic, pp. 

 [Xot neutral lead acetate.] 

 [Ferric chloride, no change.] 

 [Silver nitrate, not reduced.] 



[Fehling's solution, not reduced until («) has been inverted.] 

 Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, light brown ; with water, deep violet. 



„ „ „ with nitric acid, deep orange, destroyed 



on warming. 

 Friihde's solution, dark brown, changing to I'ed with a drop of nitric 

 acid, 

 (i) VILLOSIC ACID G.-derivative ; bitter, resinous (crystals from ether). 



Colour tests : 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, 2 drops water added, then warmed, blue. 

 ,. „ ., with 2 drops nitric acid, blood-red. 



§ I'JG. RUTA graveolens (Rue) ; Rulacere. Capers (from Capparis 

 spinosa), Chinese Yellow Berries (Sophora japonica, Lefjmiuno.'<ir — 

 Fapilkiiain-a'), and, according to Stein, SafBower (Carthamus tinctorius, 

 the yellnw colouring matter), and the straw of Polygonum fagopyrum, 

 etc. ; substance (a). Foerster {Berlm liei:, 15, 214) regards the gluco-ide 

 of Sophora as not identical with (ri), but a distinct substance, (i). (For 

 Sophora speciosa, see Sophora.) 



(a) RUTIK G. (Rutic Acid, Phytomelin, Melin, Sophorin ?), 

 G-ii,\i'sOir,+-h'ii-.0, Zwenger (if Herzig's formula forQuercetin be correct, 

 see Quercus, this must be altered correspondingly) ; crystallizes in yellow- 

 silky needles ; carbonizes on heating, with production of caramel odour ; 

 neutral reaction, bitter (when in solution). Acids produc3 Quercetin and 

 Isodulcite. 



Soluble in hot water, scarcely cold (but colouring the water yellow), 

 and in hot alcohol (with difficulty cold), also in hot glacial acetic acid ; 

 but not in ether. 



Reactions ; 



Alkaline hydrates I J. , ,, i ,• , ■ , 



\ .„„,„..;., dissolves yellow, solutions turning brown. 



Ammonia i •' = 



Barium and calcium hydrates also dissolve. 

 Lead acetate (neutral) yellow pp. 

 Ferric chloride, dark green coloration. 



(i) SOPHORIN (i. (see note above), resembles Rutin, but gives on hydro- 

 lysis 57'5 per cent, of Isodulcite besides Sophoretin (Foerster). 



§ 1 97. SAFFRON (Crocus sativus) ; Irklaceo'. The stigma and part of 

 style of the flowers. Used for colouring and flavouring. Investigators : 

 Quadrat, Rochleder and Mayer, Weiss, Kayser. Crocin is also found 

 in the fruit of Gardenia grandiflora (Ruhiaceic) and in Fabiana Indica. 



(a) CROCIN G. (Polychroite, not Weiss' Crocin) ; Cj^H-„0._,8, — Kayser 

 (the older formula were : C2oH]30n, Quadrat ; C58H^.,0 Rochleder 

 [? C^iiHjoOij] ; CjbHiiiiO,,, Weiss) ; red colouring matter ; no odour, but 

 sweet taste. Hydrolyzed very readily by bailing dilute acids and alkalies, 

 etc., as follows : 



2C,,H,„0.,„+7H,0 = C.,,Hj„0„ (Crocetin;i-(-0C„H,.,O„ (sugar). 



