DICIKlNAIiV or TlIK A( TIVE PKINCII'LES OF I'l.ANT^. 



Soluble in water (red solution), with difficulty in alcohol, scarcely in 

 ether. 



Absorbed by charcoal, removed therefrom by alcohol. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrate?, dissolve with almost immediate production of 



sugar and Crocetiii. 

 Liaie- water, yellow pp. on warming. 



Lead acetate, a red pp. on warming only, hydrolysis taking place. 

 Copper sulphate, green pp. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, deep blue, becoming in turn violet, 



cherry-red, then brown. 

 Nitric acid, sp. gr, 1'4, momentary blue, then brown. 

 „ „ 1'120, yellow only. 



(i) CROCETIN G.-derivative (Weiss' Crocin), from above, C.^Hj^O,, 

 (Kayser) ; red-coloured. 

 Soluble scarcely in water, but easily in alcohol and ether. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates, dissolve readily, forming yellow solutions ; 



acids pp. 

 Calcic hydrate 1 



Baric „ V pp. 



Lead acetate, basic J 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid, as Crociu. 



(r) PICROCROCIN G. (Saffron Bitter), C-isHesO,: ; crystallizes in prisms 

 from ether ; M.P. 76" ; bitter and characteristic persistent taste. 



Soluble iu water and alcohol easily, less so in chloroform, and with 

 difficulty in ether. By the action of dilute acids or alkalies it undergoes 

 the following decomposition : 



C.,gH«0,--|-H.,0 = :!C,iH,.,Oo(sngar) + 2C,„H,6(volatile essential oil). 

 Other reactions : 



Lime or Baryta water, no pp., but intense saffron odour and cloudi- 

 ness due to the above change. 

 Fehliug's solution, reduced on warming ; green flocks also separate. 



§ 198. SALIX (Willow); Salicarea ,- many species. The barks: 

 nisi) Spiroea and >ynanther8e various ; and in Castoreum Canadense. For 

 Benzoyl Salicin (Populin) see Populus. 



(") SALICIN G., CiaHiaO; ; crystallizes in plates, needles, or wide pillars ; 



M.P. rather over 100^ — Piria (l'J8' — O. Scbmidt) ; laevo-rotatory, neutral, 

 bitter. Acids and ferments (as Emulsin or Plyalin) decompose into 

 glucose and Saligenin ; when acids are used the Saligenin is further 

 resolved into Saliretin and water ; alkalies give Saliretin, salicylic acid, 

 and some salicylous acid. 



Soluble in li'.l parts cold water, and about its own weight of boiling 

 water ; aNo in alcohol, amyl alcohol, and glacial acetic acid ; not in ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates / ,■ , 

 , ■ •' dissolve. 



Ammonia l 



[Not precipitated by lead acetate or other metallic salt*.] 



[Basic lead acetate gives pp. in concentrated solutions.] 



Colour tests : 



Conceutiated sulphuric acid, red : water precipitates from the sola* 



tion a red substance insoluble in water = ' Rutilin.' 



Friihde's solution, magnificent violet turning to dark cherry (very 



permanent ; compare Morphine). 



{h) SALIGENIN, G.-derivative (Salicyl alcohol), C„HjOHCH,OH ; white 



pearly plates or rhombohedra ; ^I.P. S2'. 



Soluble 1 in 1,0 cold water, and in almost all pr0]>ortions when boiling ; 



readily al^o in alcohol and ether. 



Decomposes with dilute acids into Saliretin, C-H,;0, and water. 



Reactions : 



Ferric chloride (to the aqueous solution), indigo blue coloration. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, intense red. 



(<■) HELICIN G. From Salicin by action of nitric acid ; Ci,,H,gO;-t-|H„0 



(the glucoside of salicylous acid). Crystallizes in needles; M.P. 17o°, 



recry.stallizing on cooling ; neutral, slightly bitter. 



Soluble in (!4 parts cold water and in alcohol ; not in ether. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, yellow. 



[No violet coloration with Frohde's solution.] 



S I'J'J. SOPHORA speciosa ; if</«»i/'»...-((. The beans. See also Ruta 

 for Sopliora Japonica. Investigator : AVood, .Imer. J. Ph., 50, 203. 

 SOPH RINE A. ; amorphous ; alkaline ; hj'drochloride salt crystalline. 

 Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform. 

 Keiuoved from alkaline solution by latter solvent. 

 Ferric chloride, blood-red coloration. 



§ 200. SAPONARIA officinalis, various species of Dianthus, L\chiii.«, 

 Silene (Caryoplii/llwen ) ; Agrostemna Githago (G'o per cent, of the seivl), 



