DICTIONARY OF THE ACTIVE PRINCll'l.lCS OF PLANTS, i 



89 



Polygala Senega (the root), Monnina polystachia {Puli/galace(B) ; bark of 

 Spii£eas, Quillaia saponaria (Rosaren) ; Chrysophyllum glycyphloeum 

 (Sapotaceii) ; Gypsophila struthium {Cariiophyllacen), Albizzia saponaria 

 {Le(iundno!i(i\ Indian); Podophyllum i^liiimiiiciilarea\ which see. 



[See Thea for Assamic acid, which yields Sapogenin ; also Millettia 

 under Leiiuiiiiiiintn (Indian)]. 



(«) SAPONIN G. [Quillain, Struthin, Senegin ? (A. Famaro, J. Pharm. [5] 

 20, 450, regards Senegin from Polygala senega as distinct from Saponin) ; 

 PolygalinV Gitbagin, Jlonniniu, Monesin (Kruska), Cliein. Centi:, 1891, II., 

 ti4b, considers these as not identical but members of a series, C„H.,„-gOn„ 

 physiologically dilferfnt, Syringin being the lowest terra)] ; Cj.jHjjOj^ 

 (Rocbleder) or Cj,,H^„Oi„ (Stiitz). Amorphous, neutral, sharp and 

 burning taste ; no odour, but produces violent sneezing ; poisonous. 

 The toxic effect of the Saponin in the seeds of Agrostemna (which 

 sometimes become admixed with flour) is destroyed in baking. Acids 

 resolve into Sapogenin and '.^ molecules sugar. 



Soluble in water (the solution frothing like soap), in hot alcohol (with 

 difficulty cold), and in chloroform, but not in ether. 

 Removed by chloroform from uiid solutions. 

 Reactions ; 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve (frothy solutions) ; acids reprecipitate. 



,, carbonates dissolve. 

 Barium hydrate, pp. if concentrated. 

 Lead acetate, neutral or basic (aqueous solution), pp. 

 Tannic acid, pp. (cloud, Dragendorff). 

 [Ferric chloride, cloud on warming.] 

 [Gold chloride, no pp.] 

 Silver nitrate, slow reduction on heating. 

 Fehlings solution, reduced slowly. 

 Potassium ferrocyanide ") 



„ ferricyanide / cloud. 



„ sul]>hoc3anide ) 



[No pp. cadmium-potassic iodide.] 

 [Xo pp. mercuric chloride.] 

 Zinc acetate ) 



Stannous chloride > cloud on warming. 

 Arsenious acid ) 



Concen'rated .sulphuric acid, yellowish-red to violet. 

 (/<) SAPOGENIN G.-derivative, CuHojO., (Rochleder) ; crystalline needles. 

 Soluble ni alcohol and ether. 



Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates ) ^■^,^„^^^_ 



„ carbonates ) 

 Barium hydrate, pp. if concentrated. 

 Ammoniacal silver nitrate, reduced. 

 Fehling's solution, slight reduction. 

 Millon's reagent, cloud. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, gradually violet. 

 Nitric acid, dissolves. 

 § 201. SARRACENIA purpurea; Sun-arfninmr. The root. In- 

 vestigator : Hotet, C'diiipt. Rendu, 88. 



SARRACENINE A. (Veratrine ? Smith). Crystallizes in prisms and 

 octahedra ; bitter. 



Solubilities as Veratrine. 



Removed by petroleum ether from alkaline solution. 

 Reactions as Veratrine. 



§ 20 2. SARSAPARILLA (Smilax ( fficinalis, etc.), Swilarar, (a); 

 Smilax glycypbylla — Australia, (b). 



(a) SMILACIN G. (Parillin, Sarsaparilla-Saponin) ; Ci^H^oOc (Poggiale), 

 or C,,H,,,;Oj (Petersen). Crystallizes in needles containing 8'.") per cent, 

 water ; neutral reaction, bitter when in solution. Slows heart's action. 



Soluble in hot water (frothy solution), scarcely cold ; in hot alcohol, 

 difficultly cold ; in amyl alcohol and chloroform ; not in ether. 



Removed from aqueous solutions by amyl alcohol and chloroform ; not 

 by ether or benzene. 

 Reactions : 



Alkaline hydrates dissolve. 

 Lead acetate, neutral (alcoholic solution), pp. 

 Fehling's solution, reduced. 



Concentrated sulphuric acid, dark red, becoming purple with a little 

 water ; violet on warming— Poggiale (or yellow turning red with 

 water ; green in 10 per cent. acid). 

 Acids in general dissolve. 



(A) GLYCYPHYLLIN G,, C.iHojO.+SH.O ; crystalHne ; decomposes at 

 110-1 Ifi"; M.P. I 7.', -ISO". "Acids convert to P'hioretin and Isodulcite. 



Soluble in hot water, scarcely cold, and in hot alcohol; slightly in 

 ether ; not in benzene, chloroform, or petroleum ether. 



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