Froiide's Solution (211).] 

 Emetine, r.'>~gn. 

 Ergotiniue, v.~\,bl. 

 Fumarine, v.~N,clark gn. 

 Hydrastine, ga.~vbn. 

 Imperialine, see II. 

 Laurotetanine, indigo-bl. 

 Loxopterigine, v.-wbl. 

 Morphine, see I. 

 Narceine, see II. 

 Narcotine, gn. 



Papaverine, gn.~vbl.~>.v.~<-cherry. 

 Pareirine, bl. 

 Quebrachine, bl. 

 Quinidine, greenish. 

 Quinine, greenish. 

 Tylophorine, bright gn. 



III«. Non-basic substances giving 



green or blue colours. 

 Absynthiin, see Ila. 



CL.\SSIF1CATI0N OF REACTIONS, ETC. 



Phlorrhizin, bl. 

 Phloretin, bl. 



IV. The following alkaloids give 

 no colours. 



Alstonidine. 



Aricine. 



Atropine. 



Chairamine. 



Cinchonine. 



Coniine. 



Delphinine, see II. 



Hyoscyamine. 



Nicotine. 



Theine (Caffeine). 



Theobromine. 



Strychnine. 



30. yiTALIS TEST. — Evaporation with fuming nitric acid at 

 100° C, then touching the residue with a drop of alcoholic potash 

 solution freshly prepared. 



Atropine, magnificent violet, 

 changing gradually to cherry-red. 

 Brucine, greenish. 



Homatropine, yellow. 



Strychnine, red. 



Veratrine, similar to Atropine.* 



Other alkaloids that were similarly tested gave negative results. 



31. GERRARD TEST.— To ':^g grain of free alkaloid about "20 drops 

 of a 2 per cent, solution of mercuric chloride in proof-spirit are added 

 gradually, avoiding e.xoess. 



* If the test be modified by substituting uitrous acid or a nitrite for the nitric 

 acid, aud aqueous for alcoholic potash ; atroinue still gives a reddish-violet whilst 

 veratrine produces a yellow coloration (E. Beckniaim). 



Pp. red or yellow. 



Atropine, immediate red coloration, 

 then pp. 



Homatropine, red pp. 



Hyoscyamine, at first yellow colora- 

 tion, then red pp. (no pp. if 

 excess of reagent). 



Scoparin, yellow ])p. 



No red or yellow pp. (a white pp. 



is frectuently obtained). 

 Aconitine. 

 Arbutin, G., no pp. 

 Brucine. 



[Permanganate ok Potash (.32). 

 Cinchonidine. 

 Cinchonine. 

 Cocaine (white pp.). 

 Codeine. 



Condnrangin, no pp. 

 Coniine. 

 Gelsemine. 



Hyoscine, no coloration. 

 Morphine. 

 Quinidine. 

 Quinine. 



Sparteine, no pp. 

 Strychnine, no pp. 

 Theine, no pp. 



167 



32. PERMANGANATE OF POTASH, added to a solution of the 

 hydrochloride salt of the alkaloids, gives the following results (Beckurt 

 '"■'"' ' '" ' ' ' ■ 188G, II.). 



and List, Phann. J. Trans., and Jahresb., 



I. Immediate oxidation and pp. 



of Manganese Peroxide. 

 Aconitine. 

 Brucine. 

 Cinchonamine. 

 Cinchonidine. 

 Cinchonine. 

 Codeine. 

 Colchicine. 

 Coniine. 

 Nicotine. 

 Physostigmine. 

 Quinine. 

 Thebaine. 

 Veratrine. 



II. Red solution, oxidation being 

 slower than with alkaloids 

 under I. 



Atropine. 



Berberine. 



Hyoscyamine. 



Pilocarpine. 



Piperine. 



Strychnine. 



III. Alkaloids behaving in an 

 exceptional manner. 



Apomorphine, intense green. 

 Morphine, white crys. pp. ( = Oxidi- 



morphine). 

 Cocaine, stable lir/hl violet pp. of 

 Cocaine Permanganate (charac- 

 teristic). 

 Narceine 1 also give permanga- 

 Narcotine > nate salts, but which 

 Papaverine J are not stable. 



