122 ETHEREAL OILS. 



Impure Chloral Hi/ilrafe^ (2 drops to 1 of oil), resembles the fore- 

 going reagent in the colonnition it produces "with many oils. It 

 differs, however, in its behaviour to oil of lemon and bergamot, 

 with which it assumes a reddish colour ; cloves, which turns red 

 on warming ; mace (fine rose-red), pepper (reddish-^•iolet), copaiba 

 (dark-green), A'alerian (greenish), cummin (fine green), cinnamon 

 (green, with violet margin), and myrrh (reddish-violet). 



Alcoholic hydrochloric acid varies in its action with the amount 

 of acid it contains. A dilute solution is to be preferred, as 

 the colourations ap2:)ear more slowly, but are purer. Dilute 

 alcoholic hydrochloric acid in the proportion of 15 to 20 drops to 

 1 of oil yields colourless mixtures with oil of turpentine, caraway, 

 coriander, cardamoms (cone, acid, cherry-red), cloves, rosemary 

 (cone, acid, deep cherry-red) ; ;/cllow mixtures with bergamot 

 (cone, acid, orange to olive-green), mace (cone, acid, reddish-brown), 

 dill (cone, acid, cherry-red), Intter orange, cummin (cone, acid, 

 deep violet) ; hrownlsh-red with oils of cascarilla, lavender, sweet 

 marjoram, worm-seed, juniper (cone, acid, red) ; rose to deep red or 

 reddish-violet with oils of cubebs, pejiper, copailja, cedar wood, cin- 

 namon, nutmeg, thyme, laurel, sweet-flag and mj'rrh ; red, turning 

 blue, with oil of peppermint. 



Concentrated sulpiliurk acid (2 or .3 drops to 1 of oil) assumes with 

 most oils a yellow coloui-, t.urning brown, and frequently passing 

 finally to a fine red, The latter colouration is observable with 

 oils of caraway, mentha crispa, sweet marjoram, star-anise, 

 mace, dill, juniper, cul)ebs, copaiba, sage, winter-green, lavender, 

 amomum, cascarilla, nutmeg, thyme, sandal-wood, i)eppermint, 

 myrrh, and parsley. Oils of cardamoms, cloves, fennel, anise, 

 cajeput and laurel produce a violet, cinnamon a fjreeii and hlue 

 colouration. 



If a drop of the oil is mixed with 1 cc. of chloroform and 2 

 drops of cone, sulphuric acid added, similar colours are produced- 

 and imi^arted to the chloroform. 



' .Jehn was the first to observe that this reagent proiluccd a currant-red 

 colour with oil of peppermint. Its use is, however, open to objection, as it is 

 not yet known what impurity causes the colouration, and it is therefore impos- 

 sible to prepare a reagent of constant composition. If 100 cc. of alcohol are 

 saturated with chlorine, mixed with sulphuric acid (after partially separating 

 the hydrochloric acid by evaporation) and the resulting metacliloral distilled, a 

 very satisfactory reagent will be obtained, but its activity diminishes on 

 keeping. 



^ Jiut not if jjetroleum spirit is >ised instead of chloroform. 



