172 GLUCOSIDES OTHER THAN TANNINS. 



alcohol, and is almost insoluble in ether. Cone, sulphuric acid 

 precipitates it from aqueous solution ; acetate of lead and chloride 

 of calcium, from alcohoHc. Xeese's method for the quantitative 

 defer minat ion of glycyrrhizin is based upon tlie precipitation by 

 suIiDhui-ic acid. 



For panaquillon, see Garriques ;^ for fhevetin, comjiare de Vrij ;' 

 for chainceUrin, see Greene.^ 



Cijdamiii (Primulin) is crystalline and dissolves freely in watei' ; 

 the solution froths when shaken. It is easily soluble in dilute 

 alcohol also, but sparingly in absolute, and insoluble in ether. * 

 It is said to bear a close resemblance to saponin. (Cf. §§ 77 et seq.; 



§ Iß''-) 



For gratioUn, see Marchand ^ and Walz ; ^ for iMridin, Walz " 

 andDelffs.s 



For convallarin and convallamarin, see Walz. ^ The former is 

 sparingly soluble in water, but imparts to it the property of 

 frothing ; it is freely soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in ether. 

 The latter dissolves more easily in water, is precij)itated by tannin, 

 and turns gradually violet Avhen exposed to the air in contact 

 Avith sulphuric acid. Warming with hydrochloric acid colours it 

 red. Convallamarin can be extracted by shaking with chloro- 

 form (.§ 55). 



Hellehorin and hellehweln.'^^ — The former is sparingly soluble in 

 cold water, freely in alcohol and chloroform ; the latter easily in 

 water, more sparingly in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. It can 

 be extracted by shaking -with chloroform (§ 55). Both dissolve 



^ Clietn. Centralblatt, 721, 1S54 (Amer. Jovmi. Pharm, xxvi. 511). 



- N. Jahrb. f. Pharra. xxxi. 1, 1869. Compare also Jahresb. f. Pharm. 

 112, 1877 ; Blas, Amer. Jom-n. Pharm, xli. 310. 



3 Amer. .Journ. Pharm. 1. 2r«0, 1878. 



^ Compare Mutschler, Annal. d. Chem. und Pharm, clxxxv. 214, 1877 

 (Year-book Pharm. 145, 1878). See also Luca, Compt, Pond. Ixxxvii. 297, 

 1878 (Pharm. Journ. and Trans. [3], vii. 876, 1877). 



* Journ. de Chim. med. xxi. 517 (Amer. Journ. Pharm, xvii. 281). 



* Jahrb. f. Pharm, x, 317, xiv. 70, 1852, xxi. 1, 1863, where certain other 

 constituents of yratiola are also treated of. (Amer. Journ. Phai-m. xxxi. 340). 



7 Jahrb. f. Pharm, iv. 3, v. 284, vi. 10 ; N. Jahrb. f. Pharm, xiii. 174, 

 1860. 



« Ibid. ix. 25, 1858. 



" Ibid. X. 145, 1858 (Amer. Journ. Pharm, xxi. 577). 



^^ Compare Husemanu and Marnu', Annal. d. Chem. und Pharm, cxxxv. 55, 

 1865 (Ph.-niii. Jouni. and Trans. [2], vii. 621, 1866). 



