RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAINOZOIC SYSTEM. 
is proved to be of Miocene age, as contrasted with the Eocene. 
This group of organisms, however, will be discussed in detail in a 
subsequent section. 
Comparative Types.—The following comparative types of 
European Tertiary fossils have been selected as comprising some of 
the more striking forms which are isomorphous with the Australian 
species. It is by no means an exhaustive list, but will serve to 
illustrate the trend of evidence now brought forward, which proves 
that the greater part of the southern Australian series is of Miocene 
age; whilst below are beds of Oligocene to Lower Miocene, and 
above, of Pliocene, ages :— 
B. == BALCOMBIAN ; BW. = BARWONIAN* ; J. = JANJUKIAN ; 
K. = KALIMNAN. 
SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA. Ev ROPE. 
Bw. — Ceratotrochus typus, Seg. sp. C. typus, Seg. sp. (Up. Mio- 
cene). 
J. — Deltocyathus aldingensis, T. D. italicus, Ed. and Haime 
W. (Upper Miocene). 
B.J.— Balanophyllia australiensis, B. praelonga, Michelotti’ Ili 
Dune. gocene and Miocene). 
J. — Balanophyllia cylindrica, B. cylindrica, Mich. (Upper 
Michelin Miocene). 
Bw. — Balanophyllia selwyni, Dun- B. italica, Ed. and Haime 
can (Miocene). 
J. — Psammechinus woodsi,Laube P. monolis, Desmoulins sp. 
sp. (Miocene). 
B.J.K.—Clypeaster  gippslandicus, C. grandiflorus, Bronn (Mio- 
McCoy cene). Nore.— McCoy re- 
fers to C. subdepressus, 
Gray, a W. Indian and W. 
African living species, as 
a near ally. 
Bw. — Linthia gigas, McCoy sp. ..  L. erucia, Desor (Miocene). 
B.J.K.—Lovenia forbesi, Woods and Lovenia hoffmanni, Goldfuss 
Duncan sp. (Upper Oligocene). 
This species is usually re- 
ferred, apparently erro- 
neously, to the genus 
Hemipatagus, for, judging 
from specimens in the 
National Museum collec- 
tion, it has the sub-anal 
fasciole welldeveloped, and 
should therefore be trans- 
ferred to the Prymnodes- 
mia. 
* Probably almost all the Barwonian localities will eventually be found to represent an 
argillaceous phase of the Janjukian. 
14328.—B Bae} 
