RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAINOZOIC SYSTEM. 
The fossil determinations and age of the rocks were reported 
upon by McCoy*; and their joint conclusions are very nearly the 
same as advanced in the present work. A similar sequence is given 
by Mr. Dennant,f who, however, relegates the two beds to the 
Kocene and Miocene respectively (Fig. 7). 
As shown in the previous part of the present paper, the 
subdivisions of the Cainozoics are regarded by the latter author as 
of greater age than is justified by the fossil evidence. The Bairnsdale 
and Mitchell River limestones and calcareous fossil beds contain a 
facies resembling the polyzoal series of Mount Gambier and the 
Corio Bay marl beds. The difference in the two series, of the 
Bairnsdale and Mount Gambier deposits, lies in the fact that in the 
former the marine conditions during the Miocene were of a shallow- 
water nature, more akin to that of the Corio Bay series, as shown by 
the community of fossils, such as Hinnites corioensis. At Sale, in 
similar beds (Dutson’s Quarry) the rock is a true Amphistegina 
limestone, like that of the middle series at Grange Burn, and the 
Flinders limestone. At Bairnsdale a large echinoid, the Clypeaster 
gippslandicum, is fairly common ; it is a form which also occurs in 
the lower (Balcombian) stage at Muddy Creek, but of smaller 
dimensions, and in the higher (Kalimnan) stage at Beaumaris, 
where it is also of less size than at Bairnsdale. This is one of many 
good examples in Victoria of the law of maximum development in 
the Miocene. Another fossil we may note from Bairnsdale, but 
which is restricted to beds of Janjukian age, is Spondylus gaedero- 
poides, being found in common at Maude, Torquay, the Aire coastal 
beds, in Victoria, and Table Cape, Tasmania. Of these localities, 
there can be no doubt regarding their stratigraphic position. 
The upper series in the Mitchell River district, as shown by 
Mr. Dennant,{ is referable to the beds now classed as Kalimnan 
(Miocene of Dennant and others, Lower Pliocene of McCoy and the 
present writer). Many of the fossils found therein are also common 
to the upper beds at Muddy Creek. A part of the fauna, however, 
(that of Jemmy’s Point), indicates deep-water conditions as compared 
with that of the last-named locality ; and the fauna, as a whole, is 
perhaps more comparable with the deposits which were laid down 
in the Kalimnan sea of the Murray Gulf, now found underlying the 
Mallee district of Victoria and South Australia, and also of Beaumaris. 
As a case in point, Turritella pagodula may be mentioned, which is 
a common fossil in the Mallee bores, and also found in the Beaumaris 
cliffs. Evidence as to deep-water conditions in the Kalimnan beds 
at Jemmy’s Point is seen in the aspect of the foraminifera, several 
* Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vol. iii. (N.S.), 1891, pp. 53-69. 
+ Op. supra cit. See also Dennant and Clarke, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vol. xvi., pt. 1, 1903, 
p- 46. 
t Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vol. xvi., pt. 1, 1903, p. 21. 
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