108. 
SHRUBS. 
Buds crowded above, with several scales. 
Quercus. 
Buds not crowded above, with 2 exposed scales. Castanea. 
Leaves in more than 2 ranks. 115, 
. Twigs often bristly: fruit a nut in a husk. 
Twigs not bristly. 111. 
. Pith 3-sided, small: flowers in catkins. 
Pith not 3-sided. 112, 
. Buds short. 
Fruit fleshy: twigs not green. 
Fruit dry. AT. 
Buds elongated (5 mm.): fruit berry-like. 
. Twigs bright green: leaves sharply toothed. 
Twigs duller. 114. 
Leaves entire below, crenate above. 
Leaves crenate throughout. 
. Twigs rather coarse: not stellate-pubescent. 
Twigs slender. 116. 
Stellate-roughened: buds superposed. 
Without stellate hairs: buds solitary. I17. 
. With nectar-glands on petiole or leaf-base. 
Without nectar-glands. 118. 
. Pith chambered. 1109. 
Pith continuous. 126. 
Leaves thin and flat. 
Leaves firm, revolute. 
. Leaves appearing entire except under the lens. 
Leaves distinctly, if finely, crenate or toothed. 
. Buds pressed in grooves in the stem. 
Buds not in grooves. 122. 
. Branches long and _ slender. 
Branches not wand-like. 
. Leaves with dark glands on the midrib above. 
Leaves without such glands. 124. 
. Bud-scale solitary: flowers in catkins, 
Bud-scales several. 125. 
. Leaves, at least on some shoots, 2-ranked. 110. 
Corylus. 
Betula. 
Photinia. 
Amelanchier. 
Kerria. 
Fothergilla. 
Hamamelis. 
Corylus. 
Styrax. 
Prunus. 
Halesia. 
Symplocos. 
rs be 
123. 
Lyonia. 
Spiraea. 
Leucothoe. 
Aronia. 
Salix. 
