UNDERSHRUBS. 35 
Bushy Plants. 
16. Evergreen. 17. ; 
Deciduous. 34. 
Evergreen Undershrubs. 
17. Leaves distinctly alternate. 18. 
Leaves partly or wholly opposite, or overlapping. 26. 
Leaves, or many of them, evidently whorled. 33. 
18. Leaves scurfy beneath. Chamaedaphne. 
Leaves not scurfy. 19. 
19. Leaves very narrow or small (scarcely Io mm, long). 20. 
Leaves larger. 21. 
20. Leaves not grooved: fruit dry. Phyllodoce. 
Leaves grooved above and beneath. Empetrum. 
Leaves narrowly grooved beneath. Corema. 
21. Leaves strongly or closely revolute. 22. 
Leaves slightly or openly revolute. 23. 
22. Leaves brown-woolly beneath. Ledum. 
Leaves not woolly, but sometimes whitened. Andromeda. 
23. Leaves essentially entire. 24. 
Leaves distinctly serrulate. 25. 
24. Leaves not widened upwards. Kalmia. 
Leaves widened upwards. Arctostaphylos. 
25. Leaves dotted beneath. Vaccinium. 
Leaves not dotted. Gaylussacia. 
26. Moss-like. Cassiope. 
Not moss-like. 27. 
27. Leaves very small, overlapping. 28. 
Leaves larger, not overlapping. 209. 
28. Gray-pubescent. Hudsonia. 
Not canescent, Calluna. 
29. Leaves essentially entire. 30. 
Leaves distinctly toothed, flat. Pachistima. 
30. Leaves revolute, small. 31. 
Leaves not revolute, over 50 mm. long. Gardenia. 
31. Leaves black-dotted beneath, often alternate. Leiophyllum. 
Leaves not dotted. Loiseleuria. 
