ine 
12. 
TREES, 11 
Xe USUALBDY! SEEN AS ERENS. 
. Evergreen: unarmed except as the simple leaves may be 
pungently pointed or toothed. 2. 
Deciduous. 26, 
Evergreen Trees—Unarmed. 
. Foliage (“phylloid shoots”) needle-hke, in ter- 
minal whorls on short spurs sheathed with scales. 3. 
Leaves not in scale-sheathed clusters. 4. 
. Needles 1-5, angular, in a rather erect cluster. Pinus. 
Needles numerous, flat in a spreading tuft. Sciadopitys. 
. Leaves alternate or clustered. 5. 
Leaves opposite, small or very narrow. 18. 
Leaves whorled, 3 at a node. Juniperus. 
Leaves alternate. 
. Leaves small or very narrow. 6. 
~ 
Leaves relatively large or broad. 15. 
. Leaves 4-sided. 7. 
Leaves not 4-sided, or if so neither clustered 
nor from raised bases. 9. 
. Leaves often clustered on short spurs. Cedrus. 
Leaves not clustered on spurs. 8. 
Leaves green, not disarticulating, 4-ranked. Cryptomeria. 
Leaves white-lined or glaucous, disarticulating from 
angular bases. Picea. 
. Leaves green on both sides. Io. 
Leaves white-lined beneath. 11. 
. Fruit fleshy: leaves elongated, narrowed at base. Taxus. 
Fruit a cone: leaves short and sharp, sessile. Sequoia. 
Leaves decurrent in ridges on the twigs. 12. 
Leaves not or little decurrent. 14. 
Leaves mostly serrulate above: fruit a small cone. Tsuga. 
Leaves entire. 13. 
