FacAceAE; 65 
Father 3-sided homogeneous pith; alternate 2-ranked somewhat 
raised crescent-shaped lteaf-scars with 3 simplé or compound btin- 
dle-traces ; narroW stipule-scars nearly meeting arotind the twig; 
fusiform ptingent long and obliquely spreading buds with many 
Scales; rather low- toothed moderate stalked leaves often clus- 
tered on spufs ; Small mofioeciOus dpetalou§ flowers in &talked 
head-like axillaty catkins; and small 3-sidéd br€wn juts solitaty 
iti bristly dehiscent htisks, 
1. Leaves rather blunt, minutely toothed. 2. 
Leaves sharply toothed. (American beech).  F. grandifolia. 
Leaves lobed. 5. . 
. Round-topped. 3. 
b> 
Pyramidal. F. sylvatica pyramidalis. 
Weeping. 4. 
3. Leaves green. (European beech). F. sylvatica. 
Leaves yellow. F. sylvatica Zlatia. 
Leaves purple. F. sylvatica purpurea. 
4. Leaves purple. F. sylvatica purpurea pendula. 
Leaves green. F. sylvatica pendula. 
5. Bark dark, rough. F. sylvatica quercoides. 
Bark gray, smooth. 6, 
6. Leaves rather sinuate. F. sylvatica quercifolia. 
Leaves moderately incised, F. sylvatica incisa. 
Leaves very deeply: incised. _ F. sylvatica heterophylla. 
CasTANEA, Chestnut. 
Deciduous shrubs or mostly trees with fissured gray bark; 
rather soft brown wood with very large ducts crowded in the 
spring growth and minute ducts in flame-shaped patterns in the 
summer growth, and very fine medullary rays; moderately stout 
usually fluted moderate twigs; angled homogeneous pale pith; 
alternate moderate crescent-shaped somewhat raised leaf-scars 
with a number of bundle-traces scattered or unequally clustered 
in 3 groups; unequal stipule-scars; ovoid solitary sessile buds— 
the terminal sometimes absent, with about 2 exposed scales; 
simple rather large stalked sharply serrate leaves; small 
monoecious apetalous flowers, the staminate in catkins, and 
