MAGNOLIACEAE, 77 
or panicles; and berry-like drupe with ring-like transversely 
ridged stone. 
Leaves glabrescent above: fruit red. Tender. C. carolinus. 
Leaves pubescent: fruit blue-black. Hardy. C. trilobus. 
MENISPERMUM. Moonseed. 
Half-woody twining plants with somewhat fluted green 
stems; rather large homogeneous pale pith; alternate round leaf- 
scars with a raised border and numerous bundle-traces in a 
single series; no stipule-scars; rounded often superposed buds; 
rather large long-stalked palmately veined angled or very shal- 
lowly lobed leaves; small dioecious polypetalous flowers in long- 
stalked axillary clusters; and berry-like drupe with ring-like dor- 
sally keeled stone. 
Leaves obtusely angled or shallow-lobed. M. canadense. 
Family MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family. 
A rather small family, usually shrubby but including some 
trees of large size such as the tulip tree which furnishes “poplar” 
lumber, etc.: much used in landscape work. 
LiRIODENDRON. Tulip Tree. 
Large rather percurrent deciduous trees with intricately 
fissured bark; pale soft wood with very minute diffused ducts 
and extremely fine medullary rays; moderate terete twigs; 
roundish light brown pith with firmer diaphragms; alternate 
somewhat raised nearly round leaf-scars with about a dozen 
scattered bundle-traces; very narrow stipule-scars encircling the 
twigs; solitary sometimes stalked flattened or 2-edged buds with 
2 valvate scales; rather large simple truncate or deeply notched 
stalked leaves with 2 or more lateral lobes; large green and 
yellow perfect polypetalous terminal flowers; and a cone-like 
fruit, the indehiscent 1-seeded winged carpels falling away from 
a persistent spike-like axis. 
1. Leaves not lobed at base. L. Tulipifera integrifolium. 
Leaves with 2 or 4 basal lobes. 2. 
2. Lobes 2, obtuse. L, Tulipifera obtusilobum. 
Lobes often 4, acute. 3. 
