ROSACEAE, 05 
posed scales; moderate serrate petioled leaves; moderate perfect 
polypetalous epigynous white flowers; and small berry-like pur- 
ple pomes. 
1. Leaves always glabrous, closely serrate. A. laevis. 
Leaves for a time woolly beneath. 2. 
2. Leaves closely serrate (teeth Io to I cm.). A. canadensis. 
Leaves more distantly toothed (teeth 5 to I cm.). 3. 
3. Leaves rather acute, persistently tomentose. A. sanguinea. 
Leaves very obtuse, quickly glabrous. A, alnifolia. 
CrATAgEcus. Haw. Red Haw. 
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, usually with axillary spines; 
hard usually brownish wood with very minute diffused ducts 
and fine. medullary rays; rounded twigs; somewhat angular 
homogeneous pale pith; alternate not raised crescent-shaped 
small leaf-scars with 3 bundle-traces; round-ovoid solitary ses- 
sile buds with several fleshy often red scales; simple usually 
toothed or lobed stalked leaves frequently clustered on spurs; 
moderate perfect epigynous white or rosy flowers usually in 
terminal corymbs; and small apple-like fruits with bony core.— 
_A hopelessly complex genus, the following common. 
1. Leaves spatulate or cuneate-obovate, rarely large or lobed. 2. 
Leaves elliptical or obovate. 4. 
Leaves round or. ovate. 6. 
2. Leaves glabrous, glossy above, spines long. C. Crus-galli. 
Leaves pubescent beneath. 3. 
3. Leaves dull, with strong veins. C. punctata. 
Leaves glossy above, fruit often downy. C. tomentosa. 
4. Spines curved: nutlets with concave sides. CC. macracantha. 
Spines straight: nutlets with flat sides. 5. 
5. Spines long: leaves rather thin and dull. C. tomentosa. 
Spines short: leaves rather firm or glossy. C. viridis. 
6. Leaves deeply lobed. 7. 
Leaves at most shallow-lobed. 9. 
7. Veins running from midrib both to sinuses and lobes. 8. 
Veins running from midrib to lobes only. C. Phaenopyrum. 
