AQUIFOLIACEAE, 119 
CuirToN1A. Buckwheat Tree. 
Evergreen hard-leaved shrubs with rounded smooth-barked 
twigs; small rounded homogeneous pink pith; alternate low ob- 
tusely triangular leaf-scars with a single simple or compound 
bundle-trace; no stipule-scars; small solitary compressed-ovoid 
sessile buds with about 2 scales; moderately small subsessile en- 
tire nearly veinless leaves; rather small perfect whitish poly- 
petalous flowers in terminal racemes; and small rounded 3- 
winged dry fruit. 
Leaves slightly revolute, more or less downy. C. monophylla. 
Family AQUIFOLIACEAE. Holly Family. 
A rather small but widespread family, chiefly of deciduous 
shrubs; the larger species yield a fine-grained wood, and many 
are attractive through their persistent bright colored fruit. 
ILEx. Holly. 
Evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees with white 
wood with minute diffused ducts and fine crowded medullary 
rays; moderate or slender rather 3-sided twigs; somewhat an- 
gular continuous pith; alternate somewhat raised crescent-shaped 
leaf-scars with a sometimes broken bundle-trace; minute stipule- 
scars or persistent stipules; ovoid sessile buds with about 3 ex- 
posed scales; simple petioled moderate or small leaves; small 
more or less imperfect whitish polypetalous flowers in the axils; 
and rather small few-seeded berry-like drupes. 
1. Evergreen. 2. 
Deciduous. 5. 
2. Leaves relatively large, pungently pointed or toothed. 3. 
Leaves rather small, not pungent: fruit black. I. glabra. 
3. Leaves very glossy. I. Aquifolium. 
‘Leaves dull. 4. 
4. Fruit red. I. opaca. 
Fruit yellow. I. opaca xanthocarpa. 
5. Leaves very small (2 cm.). I, crenata. 
Leaves moderate. 6. 
